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(Created page with "==Key Stage 3== ===Meaning=== Corrosion is when a material is worn down by chemical reactions with substances in the environment. ===About C...")
 
 
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==Key Stage 3==
 
==Key Stage 3==
 
===Meaning===
 
===Meaning===
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[[File:RustingGears.png|right|300px|thumb|[[Rusting]] is a form of [[corrosion]].]]
 
[[Corrosion]] is when a [[material]] is worn down by [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]]s with [[substance]]s in the environment.
 
[[Corrosion]] is when a [[material]] is worn down by [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]]s with [[substance]]s in the environment.
  
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: [[Rusting]] is a form of [[corrosion]].
 
: [[Rusting]] is a form of [[corrosion]].
 
: [[Acid Rain|Acid rain]] causes the [[corrosion]] of [[limestone]] and [[marble]] buildings and statues.
 
: [[Acid Rain|Acid rain]] causes the [[corrosion]] of [[limestone]] and [[marble]] buildings and statues.
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==Key Stage 4==
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===Meaning===
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[[Corrosion]] is when a [[material]] is worn down by [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]]s with [[substance]]s in the environment.
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===About Corrosion===
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: [[Corrosion]] is commonly caused by [[Water]], [[Oxygen]] and [[Acid]]s in the environment.
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: [[Metal]]s and stone (such as [[limestone]], [[marble]] and [[chalk]]) are the most commonly '''corroded''' [[material]]s.
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: More [[Reactivity Series|reactive]] [[metal]]s are more easily '''corroded'''.
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===Examples===
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:RustingGears.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:CorrosionCopper.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:CorrosionStatue.png|center|200px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[corrosion]] of [[Iron]] forms brown [[Iron Oxide]], known as [[Rusting|rust]]. [[Rusting]] happens more quickly in humid air or in [[Brine|salty water]].
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[corrosion]] of [[Copper]] forms green [[Copper Carbonate]]. Initially the [[Copper]] is [[Oxidised]] to form [[Copper Oxide]], a black [[solid]], but then [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] with Carbonic Acid to form [[Copper Carbonate]].
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This statue is made of [[Limestone]] which is mostly [[Calcium Carbonate]]. It is '''corroded''' by [[Acid Rain]] to form [[soluble]] [[salt]]s which wash away.
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|}
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===Preventing and Reducing Corrosion===
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: [[Corrosion]] can be prevented by making a physical barrier between the [[object]] and the [[chemical]]s in the environment. This can be done by painting, covering something in grease or by [[electroplating]].
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:RustingPipe.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:Electroplating.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:ChainGrease.png|center|200px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This [[Iron]] pipe was painted to prevent [[corrosion]], but where the paint has chipped away, the [[Iron]] has [[rusting|rusted]].
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Electroplating]] can cover a [[Reactivity Series|reactive]] [[metal]] with a less [[Reactivity Series|reactive]] [[metal]] such as [[Copper]] create  a physical barrier between the [[object]] and the environment.
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Grease is used on bike chains to prevent [[corrosion]]. Paint and [[electroplating]] cannot be used because they would chip away from constant movement of the chain.
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|}
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: [[Corrosion]] of a [[metal]] [[object]] can also be prevented using a [[Sacrificial Anode]] which is a [[metal]] more [[Reactivity Series|reactive]] [[metal]] placed in electrical contact with the [[object]]. This prevents [[Oxidation]] of the [[object]] because the more [[Reactivity Series|reactive]] [[metal]] has a greater tendency to form [[Positive Ion|positive ions]] causing it to [[Oxidation|oxidise]] instead of the [[object]].
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:SacrificialAnode.png|center|300px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |A [[Sacrificial Anode]] made of [[Zinc]] has been attached to the [[Iron]] hull of a boat.
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|}
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===References===
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====AQA====
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Corrosion, page 338-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d94 ''Corrosion, page 98, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Corrosion, pages 220-221, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Corrosion, pages 258-9, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Corrosion, pages 287, 288, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Corrosion; prevention of, pages 259-60, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
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====Edexcel====
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Corrosion, page 235, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Corrosion, page 64, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Corrosion, pages 181-183, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel  '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Corrosion, pages 91, 98-99, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
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====OCR====
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Corrosion, page 79, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR Gateway '']
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Corrosion, pages 216-219, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR  '']

Latest revision as of 15:43, 3 December 2019

Key Stage 3

Meaning

Rusting is a form of corrosion.

Corrosion is when a material is worn down by chemical reactions with substances in the environment.

About Corrosion

Rusting is a form of corrosion.
Acid rain causes the corrosion of limestone and marble buildings and statues.

Key Stage 4

Meaning

Corrosion is when a material is worn down by chemical reactions with substances in the environment.

About Corrosion

Corrosion is commonly caused by Water, Oxygen and Acids in the environment.
Metals and stone (such as limestone, marble and chalk) are the most commonly corroded materials.
More reactive metals are more easily corroded.

Examples

RustingGears.png
CorrosionCopper.png
CorrosionStatue.png
The corrosion of Iron forms brown Iron Oxide, known as rust. Rusting happens more quickly in humid air or in salty water. The corrosion of Copper forms green Copper Carbonate. Initially the Copper is Oxidised to form Copper Oxide, a black solid, but then reacts with Carbonic Acid to form Copper Carbonate. This statue is made of Limestone which is mostly Calcium Carbonate. It is corroded by Acid Rain to form soluble salts which wash away.

Preventing and Reducing Corrosion

Corrosion can be prevented by making a physical barrier between the object and the chemicals in the environment. This can be done by painting, covering something in grease or by electroplating.
RustingPipe.png
Electroplating.png
ChainGrease.png
This Iron pipe was painted to prevent corrosion, but where the paint has chipped away, the Iron has rusted. Electroplating can cover a reactive metal with a less reactive metal such as Copper create a physical barrier between the object and the environment. Grease is used on bike chains to prevent corrosion. Paint and electroplating cannot be used because they would chip away from constant movement of the chain.
Corrosion of a metal object can also be prevented using a Sacrificial Anode which is a metal more reactive metal placed in electrical contact with the object. This prevents Oxidation of the object because the more reactive metal has a greater tendency to form positive ions causing it to oxidise instead of the object.
SacrificialAnode.png
A Sacrificial Anode made of Zinc has been attached to the Iron hull of a boat.


References

AQA

Corrosion, page 338-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
Corrosion, page 98, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Corrosion, pages 220-221, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
Corrosion, pages 258-9, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Corrosion, pages 287, 288, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
Corrosion; prevention of, pages 259-60, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA

Edexcel

Corrosion, page 235, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Corrosion, page 64, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Corrosion, pages 181-183, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Corrosion, pages 91, 98-99, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel

OCR

Corrosion, page 79, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR Gateway
Corrosion, pages 216-219, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR
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