Difference between revisions of "Nuclear Equation"
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===Calculating Fission Products=== | ===Calculating Fission Products=== | ||
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| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Find the [[element]] 'X' and calculate its [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] 'A' and its [[Relative Atomic Charge|relative atomic charge]] 'Z'.''' | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |'''Find the [[element]] 'X' and calculate its [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] 'A' and its [[Relative Atomic Charge|relative atomic charge]] 'Z'.''' | ||
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<math>{}_{54}^{144}Xe</math> | <math>{}_{54}^{144}Xe</math> | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===References=== | ||
+ | ====AQA==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Nuclear equations, page 108, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac336 ''Nuclear equations, page 45, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Nuclear equations, pages 115, 116, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Nuclear equations, pages 127, 128, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe10113 ''Nuclear equations, pages 99, 199, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Edexcel==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Nuclear equations, page 101, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Nuclear equations, page 175, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Nuclear equations, page 365, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Nuclear equations, page 52, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====OCR==== | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Nuclear equations, page 198, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Nuclear equations, pages 174-175, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR ''] |
Latest revision as of 07:36, 15 December 2019
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
A nuclear equation is a type of symbol equation used to show the changes which take place in a radioactive decay.
About Nuclear Equations
- Nuclear equations can be used to predict the products of a radioactive decay or a series of decays which take place one after the other.
- In nuclear equations the relative atomic mass and relative atomic charge accompany the symbols for the elements and the ionising radiation they produce.
General Formulae
Alpha Decay
\({}_Z^AX \rightarrow {}_{Z-2}^{A-4}Y + {}_2^4\alpha\)
Beta Decay
\({}_Z^AX \rightarrow {}_{Z+1}^{A}Y + {}_{-1}^0\beta\)
Gamma Emission
\({}_Z^AX \rightarrow {}_Z^AX + {}_0^0\gamma\)
Neutron Decay
\({}_Z^AX \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A-1}Y + {}_0^1n\)
Examples
Alpha Decay
\({}_{92}^{238}U \rightarrow {}_{90}^{234}Th + {}_2^4\alpha\)
Beta Decay
\({}_{28}^{65}Ni \rightarrow {}_{29}^{65}Cu + {}_{-1}^0\beta\)
Gamma Decay
\({}_{42}^{99}Mo \rightarrow {}_{42}^{99}Mo + {}_0^0\gamma\)
Neutron Decay
\({}_{8}^{18}O \rightarrow {}_{8}^{17}O + {}_0^1n\)
Induced Nuclear Fission
\({}_{92}^{235}U + {}_{0}^{1}n \rightarrow {}_{92}^{236}U \rightarrow {}_{36}^{85}Kr + {}_{56}^{148}Ba + 3{}_{0}^{1}n\)
Nuclear Fusion
\({}_1^2H + {}_1^3H \rightarrow {}_2^4He + {}_0^1n\)
Calculating the Element/Isotope
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{84}^{210}Po \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A}X + {}_2^4\alpha\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{Z}^{A}X \rightarrow {}_{86}^{222}Rn + {}_2^4\alpha\) |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
210 = A + 4 A = 206 |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
A = 222 + 4 A = 226 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
84 = Z + 2 Z = 82 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
Z = 86 + 2 Z = 88 |
3. Since the relative atomic charge is the same as the atomic number look up the element on the periodic table.
\({}_{82}^{206}Pb\) |
3. Since the relative atomic charge is the same as the atomic number look up the element on the periodic table.
\({}_{88}^{226}Ra\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{7}^{13}N \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A}X + {}_{-1}^0\beta\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{Z}^{A}X \rightarrow {}_{48}^{111}Cd + {}_{-1}^0\beta\) |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
13 = A + 0 A = 13 |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
A = 111 + 0 A = 111 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
7 = Z - 1 Z = 8 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
Z = 48 - 1 Z = 47 |
3. Since the relative atomic charge is the same as the atomic number look up the element on the periodic table.
\({}_{8}^{13}O\) |
3. Since the relative atomic charge is the same as the atomic number look up the element on the periodic table.
\({}_{47}^{111}Ag\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{90}^{231}Th \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A}X + {}_0^0\gamma\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{Z}^{A}X \rightarrow {}_{77}^{192}Ir + {}_0^0\gamma\) |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
231 = A + 0 A = 231 |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
A = 192 + 0 A = 192 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
90 = Z + 0 Z = 90 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
Z = 77 + 0 Z = 77 |
3. It's the same element.
\({}_{90}^{231}Th\) |
3. It's the same element.
\({}_{77}^{192}Ir\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{3}^{8}Li \rightarrow {}_{Z}^{A}X + {}_0^1n\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{Z}^{A}X \rightarrow {}_{10}^{26}Ne + {}_0^1n\) |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
8 = A + 1 A = 7 |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
A = 26 + 1 A = 27 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
3 = Z + 0 Z = 3 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
Z = 10 + 0 Z = 10 |
3. It's the same element but a different isotope.
\({}_{3}^{7}Li\) |
3. It's the same element but a different isotope.
\({}_{10}^{27}Ne\) |
Calculating Fission Products
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\( {}_{92}^{236}U \rightarrow {}_{53}^{131}I + {}_{Z}^{A}X + 3{}_{0}^{1}n\) |
Find the element 'X' and calculate its relative atomic mass 'A' and its relative atomic charge 'Z'.
\({}_{92}^{236}U \rightarrow {}_{38}^{90}Sr + {}_{Z}^{A}X + 2{}_{0}^{1}n\) |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
236 = 131 + A + 3 A = 236 - 134 A = 102 |
1. Calculate the relative atomic mass by looking at the top row of numbers.
236 = 90 + A + 2 A = 236 - 92 A = 144 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
92 = 53 + Z + 0 Z = 39 |
2. Calculate the relative atomic charge by looking at the bottom row of numbers.
92 = 38 + Z + 0 Z = 54 |
3. Since the relative atomic charge is the same as the atomic number look up the element on the periodic table.
\({}_{39}^{102}Y\) |
3. Since the relative atomic charge is the same as the atomic number look up the element on the periodic table.
\({}_{54}^{144}Xe\) |
References
AQA
- Nuclear equations, page 108, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
- Nuclear equations, page 45, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Nuclear equations, pages 115, 116, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA
- Nuclear equations, pages 127, 128, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
- Nuclear equations, pages 99, 199, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Edexcel
- Nuclear equations, page 101, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
- Nuclear equations, page 175, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Nuclear equations, page 365, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
- Nuclear equations, page 52, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel