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==Key Stage 4 Foundation==
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===Meaning===
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A [[Ray Diagram]] is a way to represent how [[light]] is affected by the interface between to [[medium|media]].
 +
 +
===About Ray Diagrams===
 +
: A [[Ray Diagram]] shows how light rays travel in straight lines.
 +
[[Ray Diagram]]s can be used to show:
 +
*[[Diffuse Reflection]] - How we see objects.
 +
*[[Specular Reflection]] - How we see images in shiny surfaces.
 +
*[[Refraction]] - When [[light]] changes direction as it enters a new [[medium]].
 +
 +
====Diffuse Reflection====
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:LightBulbTableMan.png|center|300px]]
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|[[File:DiffuseReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] allows us to see [[object]]s as the [[light]] from a [[light]] source bounces off a surface into our [[eyes]].
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] happens from a rough surface.
 +
|}
 +
 +
====Specular Reflection====
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
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|[[File:SpecularReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
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|[[File:ReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
 +
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] happens from a smooth surface.
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] from a [[mirror]] can be seen to follow the [[Law of Reflection]].
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|}
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====Refraction At a Flat Interface====
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
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|[[File:LightRefraction1.png|center|300px]]
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|[[File:RefractionGlassBlock.png|center|300px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |When [[light]] enters a new [[medium]] it changes direction.
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Light]] is [[Refraction|refracted]] as it passes from one [[medium]] into another.
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|}
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 +
==Key Stage 4 Higher==
 +
===Meaning===
 +
A [[Ray Diagram]] is a way to represent how [[light]] is affected by the interface between to [[medium|media]].
 +
 +
===About Ray Diagrams===
 +
: A [[Ray Diagram]] shows how light rays travel in straight lines.
 +
[[Ray Diagram]]s can be used to show:
 +
*[[Diffuse Reflection]] - How we see objects.
 +
*[[Specular Reflection]] - How we see images in shiny surfaces.
 +
*[[Refraction]] - When [[light]] changes direction as it enters a new [[medium]].
 +
 +
====Diffuse Reflection====
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:LightBulbTableMan.png|center|300px]]
 +
|[[File:DiffuseReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] allows us to see [[object]]s as the [[light]] from a [[light]] source bounces off a surface into our [[eyes]].
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Diffuse Reflection]] happens from a rough surface.
 +
|}
 +
 +
====Specular Reflection====
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:SpecularReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
 +
|[[File:ReflectionDiagram.png|center|300px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] happens from a smooth surface.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Specular Reflection]] from a [[mirror]] can be seen to follow the [[Law of Reflection]].
 +
|}
 +
 +
====Refraction At a Flat Interface====
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:LightRefraction1.png|center|300px]]
 +
|[[File:RefractionGlassBlock.png|center|300px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |When [[light]] enters a new [[medium]] it changes direction.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Light]] is [[Refraction|refracted]] as it passes from one [[medium]] into another.
 +
|}
 +
 +
====Refraction at a Curved Interface====
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
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|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram1.png|center|600px]]
 +
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |A [[Ray Diagram|ray diagram]] for a '''convex [[lens]]'''.
 +
 +
In this [[diagram]]:
 +
 +
"Ray 1" is shown crossing the [[Focal Point|focal point]] of the [[lens]] after being [[refract]]ed.
 +
 +
"Ray 2" is shown passing through the centre of the [[lens]].
 +
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"Ray 3" is shown crossing the [[Focal Point|focal point]] before the [[lens]].
 +
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The [[diagram]] shows that a [[diminish]]ed [[Real Image|real image]] is produced when the [[Object Distance|object distance]] is greater than the [[Focal Length|focal length]] of the '''convex [[lens]]'''.
 +
|}
 +
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{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
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|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram1.png|center|300px]]
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|[[File:ConvexRayDiagram2.png|center|300px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" colspan = "2" |Comparing these two [[diagram]]s shows that the [[image]] size increases as the [[Object Distance|object distance]] approaches the [[Focal Length|focal length]] of the [[lens]].
 +
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:ConcaveRayDiagram1.png|center|500px]]
 +
|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:left;" |A [[Ray Diagram|ray diagram]] for a '''concave [[lens]]'''.
 +
 +
In this [[diagram]]:
 +
 +
"Ray 1" is traced backwards after being [[refract]]ed by the [[lens]].
 +
 +
"Ray 2" is shown passing through the centre of the [[lens]]. This ray is also traced backwards.
 +
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The [[diagram]] shows that a [[diminish]]ed [[Virtual Image|virtual image]] is produced at the point that the 'traced' lines from "ray 1" and "ray 2" cross one another.
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|}
  
 
===References===
 
===References===
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Ray diagrams; reflection, pages 235, 238, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
 
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Ray diagrams; reflection, pages 235, 238, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
 
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Ray diagrams; refraction, pages 232, 233, 237, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
 
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Ray diagrams; refraction, pages 232, 233, 237, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
 +
 +
====Edexcel====
 +
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Ray diagrams, pages 66-67, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Ray diagrams; converging lenses, pages 122-124, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Ray diagrams; diverging lenses, pages 125, 126, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Ray diagrams; lenses, page 42, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Ray diagrams; reflection, pages 115-117, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Ray diagrams; refraction, pages 34, 39, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Ray diagrams; refraction, pages 99, 100, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
 +
====OCR====
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Ray diagrams, pages 160, 163, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Ray diagrams, pages 61-63, 71, 72, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']

Latest revision as of 16:34, 19 December 2019

Key Stage 3

Meaning

A Ray Diagram is a way to represent how light interacts with a boundary.

About Ray Diagrams

A Ray Diagram shows how light rays travel in straight lines.

Ray Diagrams can be used to show:

Diffuse Reflection

LightBulbTableMan.png
DiffuseReflectionDiagram.png
Diffuse Reflection allows us to see objects as the light from a light source bounces off a surface into our eyes. Diffuse Reflection happens from a rough surface.

Specular Reflection

SpecularReflectionDiagram.png
ReflectionDiagram.png
Specular Reflection happens from a smooth surface. Specular Reflection from a mirror can be seen to follow the Law of Reflection.

Refraction

LightRefraction1.png
RefractionGlassBlock.png
When light enters a new medium it changes direction. Light is refracted as it passes from one medium into another.

Key Stage 4 Foundation

Meaning

A Ray Diagram is a way to represent how light is affected by the interface between to media.

About Ray Diagrams

A Ray Diagram shows how light rays travel in straight lines.

Ray Diagrams can be used to show:

Diffuse Reflection

LightBulbTableMan.png
DiffuseReflectionDiagram.png
Diffuse Reflection allows us to see objects as the light from a light source bounces off a surface into our eyes. Diffuse Reflection happens from a rough surface.

Specular Reflection

SpecularReflectionDiagram.png
ReflectionDiagram.png
Specular Reflection happens from a smooth surface. Specular Reflection from a mirror can be seen to follow the Law of Reflection.

Refraction At a Flat Interface

LightRefraction1.png
RefractionGlassBlock.png
When light enters a new medium it changes direction. Light is refracted as it passes from one medium into another.

Key Stage 4 Higher

Meaning

A Ray Diagram is a way to represent how light is affected by the interface between to media.

About Ray Diagrams

A Ray Diagram shows how light rays travel in straight lines.

Ray Diagrams can be used to show:

Diffuse Reflection

LightBulbTableMan.png
DiffuseReflectionDiagram.png
Diffuse Reflection allows us to see objects as the light from a light source bounces off a surface into our eyes. Diffuse Reflection happens from a rough surface.

Specular Reflection

SpecularReflectionDiagram.png
ReflectionDiagram.png
Specular Reflection happens from a smooth surface. Specular Reflection from a mirror can be seen to follow the Law of Reflection.

Refraction At a Flat Interface

LightRefraction1.png
RefractionGlassBlock.png
When light enters a new medium it changes direction. Light is refracted as it passes from one medium into another.

Refraction at a Curved Interface

ConvexRayDiagram1.png
A ray diagram for a convex lens.

In this diagram:

"Ray 1" is shown crossing the focal point of the lens after being refracted.

"Ray 2" is shown passing through the centre of the lens.

"Ray 3" is shown crossing the focal point before the lens.

The diagram shows that a diminished real image is produced when the object distance is greater than the focal length of the convex lens.

ConvexRayDiagram1.png
ConvexRayDiagram2.png
Comparing these two diagrams shows that the image size increases as the object distance approaches the focal length of the lens.
ConcaveRayDiagram1.png
A ray diagram for a concave lens.

In this diagram:

"Ray 1" is traced backwards after being refracted by the lens.

"Ray 2" is shown passing through the centre of the lens. This ray is also traced backwards.

The diagram shows that a diminished virtual image is produced at the point that the 'traced' lines from "ray 1" and "ray 2" cross one another.

References

AQA

Ray diagram, pages 191, 202-5, 215, 228-9, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA
Ray diagrams, page 222, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Ray diagrams, pages 195, 196, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA
Ray diagrams; for a concave lens, page 206, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
Ray diagrams; for a convex lens, pages 204-6, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
Ray diagrams; for a mirror, pages 188, 189, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
Ray diagrams; lenses, pages 270-274, 276, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
Ray diagrams; reflection, pages 235, 238, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
Ray diagrams; refraction, pages 232, 233, 237, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA

Edexcel

Ray diagrams, pages 66-67, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Ray diagrams; converging lenses, pages 122-124, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Ray diagrams; diverging lenses, pages 125, 126, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Ray diagrams; lenses, page 42, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Ray diagrams; reflection, pages 115-117, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Ray diagrams; refraction, pages 34, 39, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Ray diagrams; refraction, pages 99, 100, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel

OCR

Ray diagrams, pages 160, 163, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Ray diagrams, pages 61-63, 71, 72, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
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