Difference between revisions of "Quark"

Revision as of 17:43, 18 July 2019

Key Stage 5

Meaning

Quarks (q) are a type of fermion and are the constituent parts of hadrons.

About Quarks

Quarks are believed to be fundamental particles but they have never been observed on their own.

Quarks always exist as part of hadron including a baryon, which is a triplet of quarks or a meson which is a quark-antiquark pair.

There are 6 types of quark including:

Up-quark (u) - With a charge of \(+\frac{2}{3}\)e, two of which are found in proton and one of which is found in a neutron.
Down-quark (d) - With a charge of \(-\frac{1}{3}\)e, two of which are found in a neutron and one of which is found in a proton.
Strange-quark (s) - With a charge of \(-\frac{1}{3}\)e which decays quickly via the weak interaction into a down-quark.
Top-quark (t) - With a charge of \(+\frac{2}{3}\)e which decays quickly via the weak interaction.
Bottom-quark (b) - With a charge of \(-\frac{1}{3}\)e which decays quickly via the weak interaction.
Charm-quark (c) - With a charge of \(+\frac{2}{3}\)e which decays quickly via the weak interaction.

Conserved Quantities

Properties of the **quarks**.
Quark	Charge/e	Strangeness	Baryon Number	Lepton Number
Up-quark	\(q=+\frac{2}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Down-quark	\(q=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Strange-quark	\(q=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(S=-1\)	\(b=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Top-quark	\(q=+\frac{2}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Bottom-quark	\(q=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Charm-quark	\(q=+\frac{2}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)

Properties of the antiquarks
Antiquark	Charge/e	Strangeness	Baryon Number	Lepton Number
Antiup-quark	\(q=-\frac{2}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Antidown-quark	\(q=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Antistrange-quark	\(q=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(S=+1\)	\(b=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Antitop-quark	\(q=-\frac{2}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Antibottom-quark	\(q=+\frac{1}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)
Anticharm-quark	\(q=-\frac{2}{3}\)	\(S=0\)	\(b=-\frac{1}{3}\)	\(l=0\)

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 : '''Quarks''' always exist as part of [[hadron]] including a [[baryon]], which is a triplet of [[quark]]s or a [[meson]] which is a [[quark]]-[[antiquark]] pair.
 : There are 6 types of [[quark]] including:
-:*[[Up-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in [[proton]] and one of which is found in a [[neutron]].
+:*[[Up-quark]] (u) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in [[proton]] and one of which is found in a [[neutron]].
-:*[[Down-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in a [[neutron]] and one of which is found in a [[proton]].
+:*[[Down-quark]] (d) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]], two of which are found in a [[neutron]] and one of which is found in a [[proton]].
-:*[[Strange-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]] into a [[down-quark]].
+:*[[Strange-quark]] (s) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]] into a [[down-quark]].
-:*[[Top-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
+:*[[Top-quark]] (t) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
-:*[[Bottom-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
+:*[[Bottom-quark]] (b) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>-\frac{1}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
-:*[[Charm-quark]] - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
+:*[[Charm-quark]] (c) - With a [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of <math>+\frac{2}{3}</math>[[Elementary Charge|e]] which [[Radioactive Decay|decays]] quickly via the [[Weak Nuclear Interaction|weak interaction]].
 ===Conserved Quantities===