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===About Forces===
 
===About Forces===
−
: The [[SI Unit|scientific units]] of [[force]] is the [[Newton]] (N). However, [[force]] can also be [[measure]]d in [[pound]]s ([[lb]]) and [[ounce]]s ([[Oz]]).
+
: The [[SI Unit|scientific units]] of [[force]] is the [[Newton]] (N). However, [[force]] can also be [[measure]]d in [[pound]]s ([[Pound|lb]]) and [[ounce]]s ([[Ounce|Oz]]).
 
: [[Force]]s can be [[measure]]d using a [[Newton Meter]].
 
: [[Force]]s can be [[measure]]d using a [[Newton Meter]].
 
: [[Force]]s can be split into two groups, [[Contact Force]]s and [[Non-contact Force]]s.
 
: [[Force]]s can be split into two groups, [[Contact Force]]s and [[Non-contact Force]]s.
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===Force Arrows===
 
===Force Arrows===
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: [[Force]]s can be represented in a [[diagram]] with arrows that show the [[magnitude]] and [[direction]] of the [[force]]. A bigger arrow means a bigger [[force]].
+
: [[Force]]s can be represented in a [[diagram]] with arrows that show the [[magnitude]] and direction of the [[force]]. A bigger arrow means a bigger [[force]].
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
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==Key Stage 4==
 
==Key Stage 4==
 
===Meaning===
 
===Meaning===
−
A '''force''' is a [[vector]] quantity can affect the [[speed]], direction of motion or shape of an [[object]].
+
A '''force''' is a [[vector]] quantity that can affect the [[speed]], direction of motion or shape of an [[object]].
  
 
===About Forces===
 
===About Forces===
 +
: A [[force]] can be [[measure]]d using a [[Newton Meter]].
 
: The [[SI Unit]] of [[force]] is the [[Newton]] (N).
 
: The [[SI Unit]] of [[force]] is the [[Newton]] (N).
−
: A [[force]] can be [[measure]]d using a [[Newton Meter]].
+
: A [[force]] is a [[vector]] quantity because it has both [[magnitude]] and direction.
 
: [[Force]]s follow [[Newton's Third Law]] which states that if an [[object]] 'A' exerts a [[force]] on [[object]] 'B'; then [[object]] 'B' will exert a [[force]] on [[object]] 'A' which is equal in [[magnitude]] but opposite in direction to the original [[force]]. These are sometimes called an [[Action Force|action force]] and a [[Reaction Force|reaction force]]. This means:  
 
: [[Force]]s follow [[Newton's Third Law]] which states that if an [[object]] 'A' exerts a [[force]] on [[object]] 'B'; then [[object]] 'B' will exert a [[force]] on [[object]] 'A' which is equal in [[magnitude]] but opposite in direction to the original [[force]]. These are sometimes called an [[Action Force|action force]] and a [[Reaction Force|reaction force]]. This means:  
−
:: When you push a wall with a [[force]] of 5N ([[Action Force]]), the wall pushes back with a [[force]] of 5N([[Reaction Force]]).
+
:: When you push a wall with a [[force]] of 5N ([[Action Force]]), the wall pushes back with a [[force]] of 5N ([[Reaction Force]]).
 
:: If 'head' a football with a force of 10N then your head provides a [[force]] of 10N ([[Action Force]]) to the ball and the ball provides a [[force]] of 10N to your head ([[Reaction Force]]).
 
:: If 'head' a football with a force of 10N then your head provides a [[force]] of 10N ([[Action Force]]) to the ball and the ball provides a [[force]] of 10N to your head ([[Reaction Force]]).
 
: [[Force]]s can cause an [[object]] to [[accelerate]].
 
: [[Force]]s can cause an [[object]] to [[accelerate]].
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===Forces as Vectors===
 
===Forces as Vectors===
 
: [[Force]]s have both [[magnitude]] and direction so they are considered [[vector]]s.
 
: [[Force]]s have both [[magnitude]] and direction so they are considered [[vector]]s.
 +
 +
====Positive and Negative Direction====
 +
: When two [[force]]s act in opposite directions, along a line, one direction is chosen to be a positive direction and the other is chosen to be a negative direction, just as on a number line in maths.
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:ForceNumberLineVertical.png|center|200px]]
 +
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |If the 'up' direction is chosen to be positive then any [[vector]] pointing 'up' has a positive value and any [[vector]] pointing 'down' has a negative value.
 +
 +
In this [[diagram]] the green [[vector]] has a value of +2 while the red [[vector]] has a value of -4.
 +
 +
If the number lines represent the number of [[Newton]]s [[force]] then the [[Resultant Force]] is the two values added together.
 +
 +
F<sub>Resultant</sub> = (+2N) + (-4N)
 +
 +
F<sub>Resultant</sub> = -2N upwards
 +
|}
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:ForceNumberLineHorizontal.png|center|400px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:center;" |If the 'right' direction is chosen to be positive then any [[vector]] pointing 'right' has a positive value and any [[vector]] pointing 'left' has a negative value.
 +
 +
In this [[diagram]] the blue [[vector]] has a value of +3 while the yellow [[vector]] has a value of -2.
 +
 +
If the number lines represent the number of [[Newton]]s [[force]] then the [[Resultant Force]] is the two values added together.
 +
 +
F<sub>Resultant</sub> = (+3N) + (-2N)
 +
 +
F<sub>Resultant</sub> = 1N to the right
 +
|}
 +
 +
====Forces on a Free Body Diagram====
 
: To show [[force]] [[vector]]s a [[Free Body Diagram]] can be used, this indicates the [[magnitude]] and direction of the [[force]]s.
 
: To show [[force]] [[vector]]s a [[Free Body Diagram]] can be used, this indicates the [[magnitude]] and direction of the [[force]]s.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram1.png|center|200px]]
+
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram1.png|center|150px]]
−
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram2.png|center|200px]]
+
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram2.png|center|150px]]
−
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram3.png|center|200px]]
+
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram3.png|center|150px]]
−
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram4.png|center|200px]]
+
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram4.png|center|150px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows an [[object]] with a [[vector]] [[force]] of 5N [[magnitude]] directed [[horizontal]]ly to the right.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows an [[object]] with 2 [[force]]s of 5N [[magnitude]] in opposite directions, [[vertical]]ly.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows an [[object]] with 2 [[force]]s. One of 5N [[magnitude]] directed [[horizontal]]ly to the right, the other 3.5N directed [[vertical]]ly down.
 +
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |This [[diagram]] shows an [[object]] with 4 [[force]]s with pairs acting in opposing directions. The [[Resultant Force|resultant force]] here is 1N [[horizontal]]ly to the right.
 +
|}
 +
====Forces on a Scale Diagram====
 +
: [[Force]]s can be added using a [[Scale Diagram|scale diagram]].
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram2.png|center|300px]]
 +
|[[File:ScaleDiagram1.png|center|300px]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Text
+
| style="height:100px; width:400px; text-align:left;" colspan= "2"|The two [[vector]] [[force]]s drawn to a 'scale' on a [[Scale Diagram]]. This scale is 1N = 1cm. The two [[force]]s can be added by placing the start of one [[vector]] [[force]] at the end of the other. This [[Scale Diagram]] shows that the two [[force]]s cancel one another out so the net [[force]] is zero.
−
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Text
 
−
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Text
 
−
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Text
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:FreeBodyDiagram3.png|center|300px]]
 +
|[[File:ScaleDiagram2.png|center|300px]]
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:100px; width:400px; text-align:left;" colspan= "2"|The two [[vector]] [[force]]s drawn to a 'scale' on a [[Scale Diagram]]. This scale is 1N = 1cm. The two [[force]]s can be added by placing the start of one [[vector]] [[force]] at the end of the other. This [[Scale Diagram]] shows that the two arrows add to make a length of 6.1cm, which represents 6.1N, in a direction of 35° down from the [[horizontal]].
 +
|}
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:ResolvingVectors1.png|center|200px]]
 +
|[[File:ResolvingVectors2.png|center|200px]]
 +
|[[File:ResolvingVectors3b.png|center|200px]]
 +
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:100px; width:200px; text-align:left;"|A boat is being pulled by two separate tug boats attached by a cable. The tension in each cable is 5000N.
 +
| style="height:100px; width:200px; text-align:left;"|The tug boats and cables are replaced by [[vector]] [[force]]s from the boat.
 +
| style="height:100px; width:200px; text-align:left;"|The two [[force]]s are redrawn in a a [[Scale Diagram]] with scale is 1000N = 1cm placing the start of one [[vector]] [[force]] at the end of the other.
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:100px; width:400px; text-align:left;" colspan= "3"|This [[Scale Diagram]] shows that the two arrows add to make a length of 9.4cm, which represents 9400N, in a direction of 90° from the North which is an Easterly direction.
 +
|}
 +
 +
====Resolving Forces====
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|[[File:ResolvingVectors1.png|center|200px]]
 +
|[[File:ResolvingVectors2.png|center|200px]]
 +
|[[File:ResolvingVectors4.png|center|200px]]
 +
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:100px; width:200px; text-align:left;"|A boat is being pulled by two separate tug boats attached by a cable. The tension in each cable is 5000N.
 +
| style="height:100px; width:200px; text-align:left;"|The tug boats and cables are replaced by [[vector]] [[force]]s from the boat.
 +
| style="height:100px; width:200px; text-align:left;"|One of the [[force]]s is redrawn as the hypotenuse of a right angle triangle with [[height]] in the [[y-axis]] and [[base]] in the [[x-axis]].
 +
|-
 +
| style="height:100px; width:400px; text-align:left;" colspan= "3"|The total [[force]] North can be calculated by finding the [[height]] of each triangle.
 +
 +
<math>F_y=5000\sin20</math>
 +
 +
<math>F_y=1710N</math>
 +
 +
The [[force]] from the top tug boat is +1710N to the North and the force from the bottom tug boat is -1710N to the North]] so the total [[force]] North is zero.
 +
 +
The total [[force]] East can be calculated by finding the [[base]] of each triangle.
 +
 +
<math>F_x=5000\cos20</math>
 +
 +
<math>F_x=4698N</math>
 +
 +
The [[force]] from the top tug boat is +4698N to the East and the force from the bottom tug boat is +4698N to the East so the total [[force]] East is 9396N.
 +
|}
 +
 +
===References===
 +
====AQA====
 +
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''Forces, page 117, 118, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''Forces, pages 127, 128, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''Forces, pages 147, 148, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Forces, pages 208, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
 +
 +
====Edexcel====
 +
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces, page 2, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Forces, page 286, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Forces, pages 181, 182, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces, pages 205, 206, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces; balanced, page 13, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Forces; balanced, page 297, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; braking, pages 52, 53, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces; calculating, page 19, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Forces; calculating, page 303, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; centripetal, pages 35, 185, 186, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; change of momentum, page 46, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; electrostatic, pages 255, 256, 264, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Forces; electrostatic, pages 82, 84, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Forces; equilibrium, page 152, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Forces; equilibrium, page 19, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; equilibrium, pages 43, 209, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; estimating, page 53, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces; extension, page 197, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Forces; extension, page 427, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces; falling bodies, page 17, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Forces; falling bodies, page 301, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; free body force diagrams, pages 207-209, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Forces; gravitational, page 59, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; gravitational, pages 37, 38, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; interaction pairs, page 206, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Forces; magnetic, page 195, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; magnetic, page 268, 269, 273-275, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Forces; magnetic, page 85, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; moments, pages 211-213, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; Newton’s First Law, pages 35, 36, 39-41, 46, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; Newton’s Second Law, pages 35, 36, 39-41, 46, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; Newton’s Third Law, pages 42, 43, 47, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Forces; pages 67-69, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; pressure, pages 317-319, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Forces; resolving, page 182, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; resolving, page 209, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''Forces; resolving, page 68, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces; resultant, pages 12-13, 134, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Forces; resultant, pages 296-297, 376, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; resultant, pages 33-35, 207, 208, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces; rotational, pages 136-137, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''Forces; unbalanced, page 13, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Forces; unbalanced, page 297, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; upthrust, pages 321, 322, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; weight, pages 37, 38, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''Forces; work done, pages 62, 63, 199, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
 +
 +
====OCR====
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Forces, page 163-166, 168, 170-173, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Forces, pages 26-33, 35-40, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Acceleration,  pages 51-53, 56-57, 69, 83, 217, 222-223, 254-255, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; And electric current, pages 126-127, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Braking, pages 196, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Calculations, pages 69,196, 222, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Forces; centripetal, page 97, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Collisions, pages 72-73, 199, 222-223, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Constant forces, pages 194-195, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Deceleration, pages 222, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Effort, pages 86-87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Energy analysis, pages 194-199, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Equilibrium, pages 67, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Everyday forces, pages 70-71, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Force-extension graphs, pages 81, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Free body diagrams, pages 64-65, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Forces; friction, pages 163, 205, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Forces; friction, pages 26, 29, 85, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Friction, pages 63, 66-67, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Gears, pages 87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Gravitational potential energy, pages 83, 192, 197-199, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Gravity constant, pages 82-83, 241, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Forces; gravity, page 166, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Forces; gravity, pages 33, 86, 97, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Hydraulics, pages 88-89, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; In action, pages 78-79, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Inertia, pages 66, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Interactions, pages 62-63, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Levers, pages 86, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Load, pages 86-87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Machines, pages 86-87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Moment of, pages 84, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Non-contact forces, pages 62, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Potential energy, pages 83, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Resolution of, pages 65, 71, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Resultant forces, pages 65-68, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Forces; resultant, pages 163, 164, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''Forces; resultant, pages 26-28, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Rotation, pages 84, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Springs, pages 78-80, 196-197, 252, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Stretching of materials, pages 78-81, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
 +
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Forces; Turning forces, pages 84-85, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']

Latest revision as of 15:56, 19 September 2020

Key Stage 2

Meaning

A force is something which can make an object; speed up, slow down or change shape.

Noun: Force

About Forces

A force can make an object speed up. When you let go of a pencil it will fall because a force called weight is making it speed up.
A force can make an object slow down. When you roll a ball on the carpet it will slow down and stop because a force called friction has slowed it down.
A force can change the shape of an object. When you tip a spoon of honey the honey will change shape and stretch because a force called weight pulls it into a long shape before dripping.


Key Stage 3

Meaning

A force is an influence that can change the speed, direction of motion or shape of an object.

About Forces

The scientific units of force is the Newton (N). However, force can also be measured in pounds (lb) and ounces (Oz).
Forces can be measured using a Newton Meter.
Forces can be split into two groups, Contact Forces and Non-contact Forces.
Contact Forces Non-contact Forces
Friction
Air Resistance
Water Resistance
Upthrust
Driving Force
Thrust
Lift
Gravitational Force (Weight)
Magnetic Force
Electrostatic Force
Forces can cause an object to accelerate.
A pair of opposing forces can twist, stretch or squash an object. This is known as deformation.

Force Arrows

Forces can be represented in a diagram with arrows that show the magnitude and direction of the force. A bigger arrow means a bigger force.
A boat that is not moving. A tennis ball falling. A bowling ball moving to the right.
BoatForces.png
TennisBallForces.png
BowlingBallForces.png
A = Upthrust
B = Weight
A = Air Resistance
B = Weight
A = Normal Contact Force
B = Weight
C = Friction
D = Air Resistance
A submarine travelling to the left. A plane flying to the right. A car driving to the right.
SubmarineForces.png
PlaneForces.png
CarForces.png
A = Water Resistance
B = Weight
C = Thrust
D = Upthrust
A = Lift
B = Thrust
C = Weight
D = Air Resistance
A = Normal Contact Force
B = Driving Force
C = Weight
D = Friction
E = Air Resistance

Key Stage 4

Meaning

A force is a vector quantity that can affect the speed, direction of motion or shape of an object.

About Forces

A force can be measured using a Newton Meter.
The SI Unit of force is the Newton (N).
A force is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.
Forces follow Newton's Third Law which states that if an object 'A' exerts a force on object 'B'; then object 'B' will exert a force on object 'A' which is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the original force. These are sometimes called an action force and a reaction force. This means:
When you push a wall with a force of 5N (Action Force), the wall pushes back with a force of 5N (Reaction Force).
If 'head' a football with a force of 10N then your head provides a force of 10N (Action Force) to the ball and the ball provides a force of 10N to your head (Reaction Force).
Forces can cause an object to accelerate.
A pair of opposing forces applied to different parts of an object can twist, stretch or squash the object. This is known as deformation.

Forces as Vectors

Forces have both magnitude and direction so they are considered vectors.

Positive and Negative Direction

When two forces act in opposite directions, along a line, one direction is chosen to be a positive direction and the other is chosen to be a negative direction, just as on a number line in maths.
ForceNumberLineVertical.png
 If the 'up' direction is chosen to be positive then any vector pointing 'up' has a positive value and any vector pointing 'down' has a negative value.

In this diagram the green vector has a value of +2 while the red vector has a value of -4.

If the number lines represent the number of Newtons force then the Resultant Force is the two values added together.

FResultant = (+2N) + (-4N)

FResultant = -2N upwards

ForceNumberLineHorizontal.png
If the 'right' direction is chosen to be positive then any vector pointing 'right' has a positive value and any vector pointing 'left' has a negative value.

In this diagram the blue vector has a value of +3 while the yellow vector has a value of -2.

If the number lines represent the number of Newtons force then the Resultant Force is the two values added together.

FResultant = (+3N) + (-2N)

FResultant = 1N to the right

Forces on a Free Body Diagram

To show force vectors a Free Body Diagram can be used, this indicates the magnitude and direction of the forces.
FreeBodyDiagram1.png
FreeBodyDiagram2.png
FreeBodyDiagram3.png
FreeBodyDiagram4.png
This diagram shows an object with a vector force of 5N magnitude directed horizontally to the right. This diagram shows an object with 2 forces of 5N magnitude in opposite directions, vertically. This diagram shows an object with 2 forces. One of 5N magnitude directed horizontally to the right, the other 3.5N directed vertically down. This diagram shows an object with 4 forces with pairs acting in opposing directions. The resultant force here is 1N horizontally to the right.

Forces on a Scale Diagram

Forces can be added using a scale diagram.
FreeBodyDiagram2.png
ScaleDiagram1.png
The two vector forces drawn to a 'scale' on a Scale Diagram. This scale is 1N = 1cm. The two forces can be added by placing the start of one vector force at the end of the other. This Scale Diagram shows that the two forces cancel one another out so the net force is zero.
FreeBodyDiagram3.png
ScaleDiagram2.png
The two vector forces drawn to a 'scale' on a Scale Diagram. This scale is 1N = 1cm. The two forces can be added by placing the start of one vector force at the end of the other. This Scale Diagram shows that the two arrows add to make a length of 6.1cm, which represents 6.1N, in a direction of 35° down from the horizontal.
ResolvingVectors1.png
ResolvingVectors2.png
ResolvingVectors3b.png
A boat is being pulled by two separate tug boats attached by a cable. The tension in each cable is 5000N. The tug boats and cables are replaced by vector forces from the boat. The two forces are redrawn in a a Scale Diagram with scale is 1000N = 1cm placing the start of one vector force at the end of the other.
This Scale Diagram shows that the two arrows add to make a length of 9.4cm, which represents 9400N, in a direction of 90° from the North which is an Easterly direction.

Resolving Forces

ResolvingVectors1.png
ResolvingVectors2.png
ResolvingVectors4.png
A boat is being pulled by two separate tug boats attached by a cable. The tension in each cable is 5000N. The tug boats and cables are replaced by vector forces from the boat. One of the forces is redrawn as the hypotenuse of a right angle triangle with height in the y-axis and base in the x-axis.
The total force North can be calculated by finding the height of each triangle.

\(F_y=5000\sin20\)

\(F_y=1710N\)

The force from the top tug boat is +1710N to the North and the force from the bottom tug boat is -1710N to the North]] so the total force North is zero.

The total force East can be calculated by finding the base of each triangle.

\(F_x=5000\cos20\)

\(F_x=4698N\)

The force from the top tug boat is +4698N to the East and the force from the bottom tug boat is +4698N to the East so the total force East is 9396N.

References

AQA

Forces, page 117, 118, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
Forces, pages 127, 128, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA
Forces, pages 147, 148, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
Forces, pages 208, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA

Edexcel

Forces, page 2, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces, page 286, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Forces, pages 181, 182, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces, pages 205, 206, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; balanced, page 13, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; balanced, page 297, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; braking, pages 52, 53, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; calculating, page 19, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; calculating, page 303, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; centripetal, pages 35, 185, 186, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; change of momentum, page 46, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; electrostatic, pages 255, 256, 264, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; electrostatic, pages 82, 84, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; equilibrium, page 152, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; equilibrium, page 19, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; equilibrium, pages 43, 209, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; estimating, page 53, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; extension, page 197, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; extension, page 427, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; falling bodies, page 17, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; falling bodies, page 301, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; free body force diagrams, pages 207-209, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; gravitational, page 59, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; gravitational, pages 37, 38, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; interaction pairs, page 206, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; magnetic, page 195, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; magnetic, page 268, 269, 273-275, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; magnetic, page 85, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; moments, pages 211-213, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; Newton’s First Law, pages 35, 36, 39-41, 46, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; Newton’s Second Law, pages 35, 36, 39-41, 46, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; Newton’s Third Law, pages 42, 43, 47, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; pages 67-69, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; pressure, pages 317-319, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; resolving, page 182, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; resolving, page 209, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; resolving, page 68, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; resultant, pages 12-13, 134, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; resultant, pages 296-297, 376, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; resultant, pages 33-35, 207, 208, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; rotational, pages 136-137, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; unbalanced, page 13, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; unbalanced, page 297, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Forces; upthrust, pages 321, 322, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; weight, pages 37, 38, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
Forces; work done, pages 62, 63, 199, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel

OCR

Forces, page 163-166, 168, 170-173, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces, pages 26-33, 35-40, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; Acceleration, pages 51-53, 56-57, 69, 83, 217, 222-223, 254-255, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; And electric current, pages 126-127, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Braking, pages 196, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Calculations, pages 69,196, 222, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; centripetal, page 97, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; Collisions, pages 72-73, 199, 222-223, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Constant forces, pages 194-195, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Deceleration, pages 222, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Effort, pages 86-87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Energy analysis, pages 194-199, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Equilibrium, pages 67, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Everyday forces, pages 70-71, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Force-extension graphs, pages 81, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Free body diagrams, pages 64-65, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; friction, pages 163, 205, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; friction, pages 26, 29, 85, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; Friction, pages 63, 66-67, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Gears, pages 87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Gravitational potential energy, pages 83, 192, 197-199, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Gravity constant, pages 82-83, 241, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; gravity, page 166, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; gravity, pages 33, 86, 97, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; Hydraulics, pages 88-89, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; In action, pages 78-79, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Inertia, pages 66, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Interactions, pages 62-63, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Levers, pages 86, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Load, pages 86-87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Machines, pages 86-87, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Moment of, pages 84, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Non-contact forces, pages 62, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Potential energy, pages 83, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Resolution of, pages 65, 71, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Resultant forces, pages 65-68, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; resultant, pages 163, 164, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; resultant, pages 26-28, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Forces; Rotation, pages 84, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Springs, pages 78-80, 196-197, 252, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Stretching of materials, pages 78-81, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
Forces; Turning forces, pages 84-85, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR
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