Difference between revisions of "Mole"

Latest revision as of 11:07, 21 June 2021

Key Stage 4

Meaning

A mole is an SI Unit used to show 6.02x10²³ particles of a chemical.

About Moles

Moles are based on the number of Carbon atoms in exactly 0.012kg (12g) of Carbon.

Moles are used to give a conversion between the number of atoms in a substance and useful quantities for chemical reactions. It would not be useful to talk about 1,000,000,000 atoms in a chemical reaction because that would be such a small amount of the chemical (0.0000000000000017g).

The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass of 1 mole or the mass of 6.02x10²³ atoms. So 1g of Hydrogen is 1 mole and contains 6.02x10²³ atoms. 235g of Uranium-235 is 1 mole and contains 6.02x10²³ atoms.

Equation

Number of Moles of an Element = (Mass of Element)/(Relative Atomic Mass of Element)

Number of Moles = \({\frac{m}{A_r}}\)

Where:

m = The mass of element being used.

A_r = The Relative Atomic Mass of the Element

Number of Moles of a Compound = (Mass of compound)/(Relative Formula Mass of compound)

Number of Moles = \({\frac{m}{M_r}}\)

Where:

m = The mass of compound being used.

M_r = The Relative Formula Mass of the compound

Calculating Moles

Calculating Moles from Masses

The Periodic Table is needed to for mole calculations in order to find the Relative Atomic Masses of the elements.

Calculating Moles for Elements
Calculate the number of moles in 36g of Carbon	Calculate the number of moles in 2g of Oxygen atoms	Calculate the number of moles in 47g of Uranium-235
Relative Atomic Mass of Carbon = 12g No. Moles = \({\frac{m}{A_r}}\) No. Moles = \({\frac{36}{12}}\) No. Moles = 3mol	Relative Atomic Mass of Oxygen = 16g No. Moles = \({\frac{m}{A_r}}\) No. Moles = \({\frac{2}{16}}\) No. Moles = 0.125mol	Relative Atomic Mass of Uranium-235 = 235g No. Moles = \({\frac{m}{A_r}}\) No. Moles = \({\frac{47}{235}}\) No. Moles = 0.2mol

Calculating Moles for Compounds
Calculate the number of moles in 32g of Methane	Calculate the number of moles in 22g of Carbon Dioxide	Calculate the number of moles in 115g of Ethanol
Chemical Formula of Methane = CH₄ Relative Atomic Mass of Carbon = 12g Relative Atomic Mass of Hydrogen = 1g Relative Formula Mass of CH₄ = 12 + 1 x 4 Relative Formula Mass of CH₄ = 16 No. Moles = \({\frac{m}{M_r}}\) No. Moles = \({\frac{32}{16}}\) No. Moles = 2mol	Chemical Formula of Carbon Dioxide = CO₂ Relative Atomic Mass of Carbon = 12g Relative Atomic Mass of Oxygen = 16g Relative Formula Mass of CH₄ = 12 + 16 x 2 Relative Formula Mass of CH₄ = 44g No. Moles = \({\frac{m}{M_r}}\) No. Moles = \({\frac{22}{44}}\) No. Moles = 0.5mol	Chemical Formula of Ethanol = C₂H₅OH Relative Atomic Mass of Carbon = 12g Relative Atomic Mass of Hydrogen = 1g Relative Atomic Mass of Oxygen = 16g Relative Formula Mass of CH₄ = 12x2 + 1x6 + 16 Relative Formula Mass of CH₄ = 46g No. Moles = \({\frac{m}{M_r}}\) No. Moles = \({\frac{115}{46}}\) No. Moles = 2.5mol

Extra Information

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Key Stage 4==
 ===Meaning===
-A [[mole]] is an [[SI Unit]] used to show 6.02x10<sup>23</sup> [[particle]]s of a [[chemical]].
+A [[mole]] is an [[SI Unit]] used to show [[Avogadro Constant|6.02x10<sup>23</sup>]] [[particle]]s of a [[chemical]].
 ===About Moles===
 : [[Mole]]s are based on the number of [[Carbon]] [[atom]]s in exactly 0.012kg (12g) of [[Carbon]].
 : [[Mole]]s are used to give a conversion between the number of [[atom]]s in a [[substance]] and useful quantities for [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]]s. It would not be useful to talk about 1,000,000,000 [[atom]]s in a [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]] because that would be such a small amount of the [[chemical]] (0.0000000000000017g).
-: The [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] of an [[element]] is the [[mass]] of 1 [[mole]] or the [[mass]] of 6.02x10<sup>23</sup> [[atom]]s. So 1g of [[Hydrogen]] is 1 [[mole]] and contains 6.02x10<sup>23</sup> [[atom]]s. 235g of [[Uranium-235]] is 1 [[mole]] and contains 6.02x10<sup>23</sup> [[atom]]s.
+: The [[Relative Atomic Mass|relative atomic mass]] of an [[element]] is the [[mass]] of 1 [[mole]] or the [[mass]] of [[Avogadro Constant|6.02x10<sup>23</sup>]] [[atom]]s. So 1g of [[Hydrogen]] is 1 [[mole]] and contains [[Avogadro Constant|6.02x10<sup>23</sup>]] [[atom]]s. 235g of [[Uranium-235]] is 1 [[mole]] and contains [[Avogadro Constant|6.02x10<sup>23</sup>]] [[atom]]s.
+===Equation===
+Number of [[Mole]]s of an [[Element]] = ([[Mass]] of [[Element]])/([[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Element]])
+Number of [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{A_r}}</math>
+Where:
+m = The [[mass]] of [[element]] being used.
+A<sub>r</sub> = The [[Relative Atomic Mass]] of the [[Element]]
+Number of [[Mole]]s of a [[Compound]] = ([[Mass]] of [[compound]])/([[Relative Formula Mass]] of [[compound]])
+Number of [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{M_r}}</math>
+Where:
+m = The [[mass]] of [[compound]] being used.
+M<sub>r</sub> = The [[Relative Formula Mass]] of the [[compound]]
 ===Calculating Moles===
-Number of [[Mole]]s of an [[Element]] = ([[Mass]] of [[Element]])/([[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Element]])
-Number of [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{Mass}{A<sub>r</sub>}}</math>
+====Calculating Moles from Masses====
+The [[Periodic Table]] is needed to for [[mole]] calculations in order to find the [[Relative Atomic Mass]]es of the [[element]]s.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Calculating Moles for Elements
+|-
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |Calculate the number of [[mole]]s in 36g of [[Carbon]]
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |Calculate the number of [[mole]]s in 2g of [[Oxygen]] atoms
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |Calculate the number of [[mole]]s in 47g of [[Uranium-235]]
+|-
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Carbon]] = 12g
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{A_r}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{36}{12}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = 3mol
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Oxygen]] = 16g
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{A_r}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{2}{16}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = 0.125mol
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Uranium-235]] = 235g
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{A_r}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{47}{235}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = 0.2mol
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+ Calculating Moles for Compounds
+|-
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |Calculate the number of [[mole]]s in 32g of [[Methane]]
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |Calculate the number of [[mole]]s in 22g of [[Carbon Dioxide]]
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |Calculate the number of [[mole]]s in 115g of [[Ethanol]]
+|-
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |
+[[Chemical Formula]] of [[Methane]] = CH<sub>4</sub>
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Carbon]] = 12g
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Hydrogen]] = 1g
+[[Relative Formula Mass]] of CH<sub>4</sub> = 12 + 1 x 4
+[[Relative Formula Mass]] of CH<sub>4</sub> = 16
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{M_r}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{32}{16}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = 2mol
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |
+[[Chemical Formula]] of [[Carbon Dioxide]] = CO<sub>2</sub>
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Carbon]] = 12g
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Oxygen]] = 16g
+[[Relative Formula Mass]] of CH<sub>4</sub> = 12 + 16 x 2
+[[Relative Formula Mass]] of CH<sub>4</sub> = 44g
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{M_r}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{22}{44}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = 0.5mol
+| style="height:20px; width:275px; text-align:center;" |
+[[Chemical Formula]] of [[Ethanol]] = C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Carbon]] = 12g
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Hydrogen]] = 1g
+[[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Oxygen]] = 16g
+[[Relative Formula Mass]] of CH<sub>4</sub> = 12x2 + 1x6 + 16
+[[Relative Formula Mass]] of CH<sub>4</sub> = 46g
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{m}{M_r}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = <math>{\frac{115}{46}}</math>
+No. [[Mole]]s = 2.5mol
+|}
+===Extra Information===
+{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEl4jeETVmg}}
+===References===
+====AQA====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Mole, pages 106-11, 120-3, 197, 293, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Moles, pages 106, 107, 111-117, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Moles, pages 112, 113, 117-125, 132-135, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Moles, pages 178-9, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d186 ''Moles, pages 42, 44-47, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Moles, pages 62-63, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Moles, pages 65-6, 70-1, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Moles; balancing numbers calculations, pages 73-4, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Moles; calculating reacting masses, pages 71-2, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
+====Edexcel====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Moles, pages 220-221, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Moles, pages 28, 29, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Moles, pages 76-77, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Moles, pages 85-90, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Moles, pages 91, 92, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+====OCR====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Moles, pages 38-40, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Moles, pages 96-99, 165, 170-171, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']