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→Key Stage 4
==Key Stage 4==
[[File:EssentialOilFractionalDistillation.png|right|300px|link=https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B079CD77Q7/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=nrjc-21&camp=1634&creative=6738&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B079CD77Q7&linkId=1f5a9ebafb38c6371e8783fa3ba92c55|thumb|A set of equipment for distillation of 'essential oils'.]]
===Meaning===
[[File:FractionalDistillation.png|right|300px|thumb|A [[diagram]] of a [[Fractional Distillation]] tower used to [[Separating Mixtures|separate]] different oils in [[Crude Oil]].]]
===About Fractional Distillation===
'''Fractional Distillation''' is only can be used for:
*[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] a [[solution]] to recover multiple [[solvent]]s.
'''Fractional Distillation''' cannot be used for:
*[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] two [[solute]]s from each other in [[solution]] - [[Chromatography]]
*[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] an [[insoluble]] [[solid]] from a [[soluble]] [[solid]] - [[Filtration]]
===About the Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil===
: [[Crude Oil]] is [[Separating Mixtures|separated]] using '''fractional distillation'''.
: '''Fractional distillation''' is used to separate the different '''fractions''' of [[Crude Oil|crude oil]] which each have different [[Boiling Point|boiling points]].
: '''Fractional Distillation''' relies on the different [[Boiling Point|boiling points]] of [[liquid]]s. By [[heating]] all [[liquid]]s beyond their [[Boiling Point]] they can be turned into a [[gas]]. Each [[gas]] can then be cooled and [[condensing|condensed]] in tubes kept just below the [[Boiling Point|boiling point]] of each fraction.
: The '''fractions''' of [[Crude Oil|crude oil]] which can be separated during '''fractional distillation''' are:
*[[Natural Gas]]
*[[Liquid Petroleum Gas]] ([[LPG]])
*[[Petrol]] ([[Gasoline]])
*[[Kerosine]]
*[[Diesel]]
*[[Lubricating Oil]]
*[[Bitumen]]
===References===
====AQA====
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Fractional distillation of crude oil, pages 144-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d130 ''Fractional distillation, page 18, 76, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Fractional distillation, page 24, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Fractional distillation, pages 10, 150-151, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Fractional distillation, pages 137, 139, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Fractional distillation, pages 19, 230-1, 263, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Fractional distillation, pages 40, 191, 192, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Fractional distillation, pages 40, 223, 224, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Fractional distillation; of crude oil, pages 173-4, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
====Edexcel====
: [https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Fractional distillation, pages 100, 137, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Fractional Distillationdistillation, pages 103, 253, 254, 302, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ' relies on the different 'Fractional distillation, pages 11, 152-153, 177, 190, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']:[[Boiling Point|boiling pointshttps://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Fractional distillation, pages 155, 266-267, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']] of :[[liquid]]shttps://www.amazon.co. By [[heatinguk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Fractional distillation, pages 37, 87, 103, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']] all :[[liquidhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Fractions (of crude oil), pages 253-256, 262, 263, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']]s beyond their :[[Boiling Point]https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Fractions (of distillation), page 177, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel ''] they can be turned into a ====OCR====:[[gas]]https://www.amazon.co. Each [[gas]uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Fractional distillation, pages 100, 141, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] can then be cooled and :[[condensing|condensedhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Fractional distillation, pages 27, 92, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']] in tubes kept just below the :[[Boiling Point|boiling point]https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Fractional distillation, pages 45, 238-239, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] of each fraction.