Difference between revisions of "Physics Key Stage 5"
(→Fermions) |
(→Quarks) |
||
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
*[[Fundamental Particle]] | *[[Fundamental Particle]] | ||
− | ===== | + | =====[[Quark]]s===== |
− | [[Fermion]]s | + | *[[Up-quark]] |
+ | *[[Down-quark]] | ||
+ | *[[Strange-quark]] | ||
+ | *[[Top-quark]] | ||
+ | *[[Bottom-quark]] | ||
+ | *[[Charm-quark]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====[[Fermion]]s===== | ||
[[Hadron]]s | [[Hadron]]s | ||
*[[Baryon]]s | *[[Baryon]]s | ||
**[[Proton]]s | **[[Proton]]s | ||
**[[Neutron]]s | **[[Neutron]]s | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
*[[Lepton]]s | *[[Lepton]]s | ||
**[[Electron]] | **[[Electron]] | ||
Line 114: | Line 111: | ||
=====Bosons===== | =====Bosons===== | ||
[[Boson]]s | [[Boson]]s | ||
+ | *[[Meson]] | ||
+ | **[[π-meson]] | ||
+ | **[[K-meson]] | ||
*[[Photon]] | *[[Photon]] | ||
*[[W-boson]] | *[[W-boson]] | ||
*[[Z-boson]] | *[[Z-boson]] | ||
− | *[[Gluon]] | + | *[[Gluon]] (π-meson) |
====Particle Properties==== | ====Particle Properties==== |
Latest revision as of 09:39, 12 September 2021
Contents
Vectors and Scalars
• the distinction between vector and scalar quantities • resolution of vectors into two components at right angles • addition rule for two vectors • calculations for two perpendicular vectors
Mechanics
Kinematics
• use of kinematic equations in one dimension with constant velocity or acceleration • graphical representation of accelerated motion • interpretation of velocity-time and displacement-time graphs
Dynamics
• use of F = ma when mass is constant • one- and two-dimensional motion under constant force • independent effect of perpendicular components with uniform acceleration, projectile motion
Energy
• calculation of work done for constant forces, including force not along the line of motion • calculation of exchanges between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy • principle of conservation of energy
Momentum
• definition • principle of conservation of momentum • calculations for one-dimensional problems
Circular Motion - Y13
• radian measure of angle and angular velocity • application of F = ma = mv2/r = mrω2 to motion in a circle at constant speed • oscillations: • simple harmonic motion • quantitative treatment using a = –ω²x and its solution x = A cos ωt.
Mechanical Properties of Matter
• stress, strain, Young modulus • force-extension graphs, energy stored
Electrical Circuits
Current
• electric current as rate of flow of charge, I = Δq/Δt
EMF and Potential Difference
• definition of emf and concept of internal resistance • potential difference in terms of energy transfer
Resistance
• definition • resistivity • Ohm’s law
DC Circuits
• conservation of charge and energy in circuits • relationships between currents, voltages and resistances in series and parallel circuits • power dissipated • potential divider circuits
Capacitance - Y13
• definition • energy of a capacitor • quantitative treatment of charge and discharge curves
Waves
• qualitative treatment of polarisation and diffraction • path difference, phase and coherence, interference • graphical treatment of superposition and stationary waves
Matter - Y13
• molecular kinetic theory: • ideal gases; pV = NkT • absolute zero • relationship between temperature and average molecular kinetic energy • internal energy: • idea of internal energy • energy required for temperature change = mcΔθ
Quantum and Nuclear Physics
Photons and Particles
• photon model to explain observable phenomena • evidence supporting the photon model • wave-particle duality, particle diffraction
Subatomic Particles
Quarks
Fermions
Bosons
Particle Properties
Particle Conservation Laws
- Conservation of Charge
- Conservation of Baryon Number
- Conservation of Lepton Number
- Conservation of Mass-energy
- Conservation of Strangeness
- Conservation of Momentum
Fundamental Interactions
- Strong Nuclear Interaction
- Weak Nuclear Interaction
- Electromagnetic Interaction
- Gravitational Interaction
- Feynman Diagram
Mass-Energy Equivalence
Nuclear Decay - Y13
• connections between nature, penetration and range of emissions from radioactive substances • evidence for existence of nucleus • activity of radioactive sources and idea of half-life • modelling with constant decay probability leading to exponential decay • nuclear changes in decay
Nuclear Energy
• fission and fusion processes • E = mc2 applied to nuclear processes • calculations relating mass difference to energy change
Fields - Y13
Force Fields
• concept and definition • gravitational force and inverse square field for point (or spherical) masses • electric force and field for point (or spherical) charges in a vacuum • electric and gravitational potential and changes in potential energy • uniform electric field • similarities and differences between electric and gravitational fields
- Gravitational Field - radial and uniform
- Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
- Coulomb's Law
- Electrostatic Field - radial, uniform and mix
- Capacitor
B-fields
• force on a straight wire and force on a moving charge in a uniform field
Flux and electromagnetic induction
• concept and definition • Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws • emf equals rate of change of magnetic flux linkage