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Difference between revisions of "Condensation Polymerisation"

(Created page with "==Key Stage 4 Higher== ===Meaning=== '''Condensation polymerisation''' is a reaction in which monomers combine to form polymers product|produci...")
 
 
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: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]s are called '''condensation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] because they usually [[product|produce]] [[Water]], but they may also [[Product|produce]] other small [[molecule]]s such as HCl.
 
: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]s are called '''condensation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] because they usually [[product|produce]] [[Water]], but they may also [[Product|produce]] other small [[molecule]]s such as HCl.
 
: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]s happen commonly in biological [[organism]]s.
 
: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]s happen commonly in biological [[organism]]s.
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===Examples===
 
====Forming Polyesters====
 
====Forming Polyesters====
 
: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] which [[product|produce]] [[Water]] can happen when one end of a [[molecule]] carries an -OH [[Functional Group|group]] while the other end carries a -COOH [[Functional Group|group]]. These [[Chemical Reaction|react]] together joining the [[molecule]]s forming a [[Polyester]].
 
: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] which [[product|produce]] [[Water]] can happen when one end of a [[molecule]] carries an -OH [[Functional Group|group]] while the other end carries a -COOH [[Functional Group|group]]. These [[Chemical Reaction|react]] together joining the [[molecule]]s forming a [[Polyester]].
 
: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] which [[product|produce]] [[Water]] can also happen when one [[molecule]] carries two -OH [[Functional Group|groups]] at either end of the [[molecule]] while the other [[molecule]] carries two -COOH [[Functional Group|groups]]. These two [[molecule]]s [[Chemical Reaction|react]] together joining the [[molecule]]s forming a [[Polyester]] and [[product|producing]] [[Water]].
 
: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] which [[product|produce]] [[Water]] can also happen when one [[molecule]] carries two -OH [[Functional Group|groups]] at either end of the [[molecule]] while the other [[molecule]] carries two -COOH [[Functional Group|groups]]. These two [[molecule]]s [[Chemical Reaction|react]] together joining the [[molecule]]s forming a [[Polyester]] and [[product|producing]] [[Water]].
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramEthandioateEthandiol.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:ArrowRight.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramPolyester.png|center|200px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Ethandioate and Ethandiol can [[Chemical Reaction|react]] together in a '''Condensation Polymerisation'''.
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|
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[Polyester]] is formed along with [[Water]].
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|}
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====Forming Polysaccharides====
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: The '''condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] of [[monosaccharide]]s [[product|produces]] a [[polysaccharide]] and [[Water]].
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: The [[monosaccharide]] [[glucose]] can [[Chemical Bond|bond]] in a '''condensation polymersiation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]] to [[product|produce]] [[starch]] or [[glycogen]].
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n x Monosaccharides → Polysaccharide + Water
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n x Glucose → Starch + Water
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Where 'n' represents an integer.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramGlucose.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:ArrowRight.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramStarch.png|center|200px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Glucose]] [[molecule]]s [[Chemical Reaction|react]] together in a '''condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]].
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|
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Starch]] is formed along with [[Water]].
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|}
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====Forming Proteins====
 
====Forming Proteins====
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: '''Condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reactions]] of [[Peptide]]s ([[Amino Acid]]s) [[product|produce]] [[Polypeptide]]s ([[Protein]]s) and [[Water]].
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: Each [[Amino Acid]] has an NH<sub>2</sub> [[Functional Group|group]] which acts as a [[base]] and an -COOH [[Functional Group|group]] which acts as an [[acid]]. These [[Functional Group|functional groups]] [[Chemical Reaction|react]] to [[Product|produce]] [[Polypeptide]]s and [[Water]].
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n x Peptides → Polypeptide + Water
  
−
====Forming Polysaccharides====
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<chem>nH2NCH2COOH -> (-HNCH2CO-) + nH2O</chem>
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Where 'n' represents an integer.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramGlycine.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:ArrowRight.png|center|200px]]
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|[[File:StructuralDiagramPolyglycine.png|center|200px]]
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|-
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Glycine]] [[molecule]]s [[Chemical Reaction|react]] together in a '''condensation polymerisation''' [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]].
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|
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| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[Polypeptide]] ([[Protein]]) is formed along with [[Water]]. In reality [[Polypeptide]]s are made of many different [[Peptide]]s ([[Amino Acid]]s) rather than the same one repeated.
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|}
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====Edexcel====
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Condensation polymerisation, pages 188-189, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']

Latest revision as of 01:21, 17 November 2019

Key Stage 4 Higher

Meaning

Condensation polymerisation is a reaction in which monomers combine to form polymers producing a H2O or HCl molecule for each addition of a monomer.

About Condensation Polymerisation

Condensation polymerisation reactions are called condensation reactions because they usually produce Water, but they may also produce other small molecules such as HCl.
Condensation polymerisation reactions happen commonly in biological organisms.

Examples

Forming Polyesters

Condensation polymerisation reactions which produce Water can happen when one end of a molecule carries an -OH group while the other end carries a -COOH group. These react together joining the molecules forming a Polyester.
Condensation polymerisation reactions which produce Water can also happen when one molecule carries two -OH groups at either end of the molecule while the other molecule carries two -COOH groups. These two molecules react together joining the molecules forming a Polyester and producing Water.
StructuralDiagramEthandioateEthandiol.png
ArrowRight.png
StructuralDiagramPolyester.png
Ethandioate and Ethandiol can react together in a Condensation Polymerisation. A Polyester is formed along with Water.

Forming Polysaccharides

The condensation polymerisation reaction of monosaccharides produces a polysaccharide and Water.
The monosaccharide glucose can bond in a condensation polymersiation reaction to produce starch or glycogen.

n x Monosaccharides → Polysaccharide + Water

n x Glucose → Starch + Water

Where 'n' represents an integer.

StructuralDiagramGlucose.png
ArrowRight.png
StructuralDiagramStarch.png
Glucose molecules react together in a condensation polymerisation reaction. Starch is formed along with Water.

Forming Proteins

Condensation polymerisation reactions of Peptides (Amino Acids) produce Polypeptides (Proteins) and Water.
Each Amino Acid has an NH2 group which acts as a base and an -COOH group which acts as an acid. These functional groups react to produce Polypeptides and Water.

n x Peptides → Polypeptide + Water

<chem>nH2NCH2COOH -> (-HNCH2CO-) + nH2O</chem>

Where 'n' represents an integer.

StructuralDiagramGlycine.png
ArrowRight.png
StructuralDiagramPolyglycine.png
Glycine molecules react together in a condensation polymerisation reaction. A Polypeptide (Protein) is formed along with Water. In reality Polypeptides are made of many different Peptides (Amino Acids) rather than the same one repeated.

Edexcel

Condensation polymerisation, pages 188-189, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
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