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Chemical Bond

Key Stage 4

Meaning

A chemical bond is a force of attraction holding the atoms inside a molecule together.

About Chemical Bonds

There are three types of chemical bond you should know:

Examples

Covalent Bonds
OxygenDotandCrossDiagram.png
NitrogenDotandCrossDiagram.png
CarbonDioxideDotandCrossDiagram.png
The two Oxygen atoms each share two of their electrons with one another. The two Nitrogen atoms each share three of their electrons with one another. Each Oxygen shares two of its electrons with the Carbon atom while the Carbon atom shares two electrons with each Oxygen atom.
Ionic Bonds
LithiumFluorideDotandCrossDiagram.png
MagnesiumOxideDotandCrossDiagram.png
BerylliumFluorideDotandCrossDiagram.png
The Lithium atom donates an electron from its outer shell to the outer shell of the Fluorine atom. The Magnesium atom donates two electrons from its outer shell to the outer shell of the Oxygen atom. The Beryllium atom donates two electrons from its outer shell to the outer shells of each Fluorine atom.
Metallic Bonds
MagnesiumMetallicBond.png
AluminiumMetallicBond.png
The outer shells of the Magnesium atoms overlap allowing the two electrons in each outer shell to move freely between atoms. The outer shells of the Aluminium atoms overlap allowing the three electrons in each outer shell to move freely between atoms.

Extra Information

References

AQA

Bonding, page 163, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA
Bonding, pages 47-8, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Bonding; covalent, pages 154, 156-7, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA
Bonding; covalent, pages 41-2, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Bonding; ionic, page 149, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA
Bonding; ionic, page 34, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Bonding; metallic, page 45, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Bonding; metallic, pages 160-1, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA
Chemical bond, pages 58-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA


Edexcel

Bond energies, page 136, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Bond energies, page 85, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Bond energies, pages 248-250, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Bond energy, page 147, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bond energy, page 261, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonding, page 186, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonding, page 42, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonding, pages 21, 23, 25, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding, pages 51-53, 56-61, 65, 66, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding, pages 84, 86, 88, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding; covalent, page 23, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding; covalent, pages 184-185, 186, 192, 261, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonding; covalent, pages 40-41, 42, 48, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonding; covalent, pages 56-61, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding; giant covalent, page 192, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonding; giant covalent, page 48, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonding; ionic, page 21, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding; ionic, pages 178-179, 192, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonding; ionic, pages 51-53, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding; metallic, page 25, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding; metallic, pages 190, 192, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonding; metallic, pages 46, 48, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonding; metallic, pages 65, 66, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Bonding; models, pages 192-193, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonding; models, pages 48-49, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonds; breaking and making, page 146, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonds; breaking and making, page 260, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Bonds; covalent, page 147, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonds; energy calculations, page 147, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Bonds; energy calculations, page 261, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel