Difference between revisions of "Fractional Distillation"
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==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
+ | [[File:EssentialOilFractionalDistillation.png|right|300px|link=https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B079CD77Q7/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=nrjc-21&camp=1634&creative=6738&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B079CD77Q7&linkId=1f5a9ebafb38c6371e8783fa3ba92c55|thumb|A set of equipment for distillation of 'essential oils'.]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
[[File:FractionalDistillation.png|right|300px|thumb|A [[diagram]] of a [[Fractional Distillation]] tower used to [[Separating Mixtures|separate]] different oils in [[Crude Oil]].]] | [[File:FractionalDistillation.png|right|300px|thumb|A [[diagram]] of a [[Fractional Distillation]] tower used to [[Separating Mixtures|separate]] different oils in [[Crude Oil]].]] | ||
Line 5: | Line 6: | ||
===About Fractional Distillation=== | ===About Fractional Distillation=== | ||
− | '''Fractional Distillation''' | + | '''Fractional Distillation''' can be used for: |
*[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] a [[solution]] to recover multiple [[solvent]]s. | *[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] a [[solution]] to recover multiple [[solvent]]s. | ||
'''Fractional Distillation''' cannot be used for: | '''Fractional Distillation''' cannot be used for: | ||
*[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] two [[solute]]s from each other in [[solution]] - [[Chromatography]] | *[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] two [[solute]]s from each other in [[solution]] - [[Chromatography]] | ||
*[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] an [[insoluble]] [[solid]] from a [[soluble]] [[solid]] - [[Filtration]] | *[[Separating Mixtures|Separating]] an [[insoluble]] [[solid]] from a [[soluble]] [[solid]] - [[Filtration]] | ||
+ | ===About the Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil=== | ||
+ | : [[Crude Oil]] is [[Separating Mixtures|separated]] using '''fractional distillation'''. | ||
+ | : '''Fractional distillation''' is used to separate the different '''fractions''' of [[Crude Oil|crude oil]] which each have different [[Boiling Point|boiling points]]. | ||
+ | : '''Fractional Distillation''' relies on the different [[Boiling Point|boiling points]] of [[liquid]]s. By [[heating]] all [[liquid]]s beyond their [[Boiling Point]] they can be turned into a [[gas]]. Each [[gas]] can then be cooled and [[condensing|condensed]] in tubes kept just below the [[Boiling Point|boiling point]] of each fraction. | ||
+ | : The '''fractions''' of [[Crude Oil|crude oil]] which can be separated during '''fractional distillation''' are: | ||
+ | *[[Natural Gas]] | ||
+ | *[[Liquid Petroleum Gas]] ([[LPG]]) | ||
+ | *[[Petrol]] ([[Gasoline]]) | ||
+ | *[[Kerosine]] | ||
+ | *[[Diesel]] | ||
+ | *[[Lubricating Oil]] | ||
+ | *[[Bitumen]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===References=== | ||
+ | ====AQA==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Fractional distillation of crude oil, pages 144-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d130 ''Fractional distillation, page 18, 76, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Fractional distillation, page 24, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Fractional distillation, pages 10, 150-151, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Fractional distillation, pages 137, 139, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Fractional distillation, pages 19, 230-1, 263, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Fractional distillation, pages 40, 191, 192, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Fractional distillation, pages 40, 223, 224, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Fractional distillation; of crude oil, pages 173-4, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Edexcel==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Fractional distillation, pages 100, 137, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Fractional distillation, pages 103, 253, 254, 302, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Fractional distillation, pages 11, 152-153, 177, 190, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Fractional distillation, pages 155, 266-267, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Fractional distillation, pages 37, 87, 103, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Fractions (of crude oil), pages 253-256, 262, 263, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Fractions (of distillation), page 177, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel ''] | ||
− | : | + | ====OCR==== |
− | : [ | + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Fractional distillation, pages 100, 141, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] |
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Fractional distillation, pages 27, 92, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Fractional distillation, pages 45, 238-239, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] |
Latest revision as of 19:16, 9 February 2020
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Fractional distillation is a technique which can be used to separate two or more solvents from solution.
About Fractional Distillation
Fractional Distillation can be used for:
- Separating a solution to recover multiple solvents.
Fractional Distillation cannot be used for:
- Separating two solutes from each other in solution - Chromatography
- Separating an insoluble solid from a soluble solid - Filtration
About the Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
- Crude Oil is separated using fractional distillation.
- Fractional distillation is used to separate the different fractions of crude oil which each have different boiling points.
- Fractional Distillation relies on the different boiling points of liquids. By heating all liquids beyond their Boiling Point they can be turned into a gas. Each gas can then be cooled and condensed in tubes kept just below the boiling point of each fraction.
- The fractions of crude oil which can be separated during fractional distillation are:
References
AQA
- Fractional distillation of crude oil, pages 144-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA
- Fractional distillation, page 18, 76, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Fractional distillation, page 24, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
- Fractional distillation, pages 10, 150-151, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
- Fractional distillation, pages 137, 139, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA
- Fractional distillation, pages 19, 230-1, 263, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Fractional distillation, pages 40, 191, 192, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Fractional distillation, pages 40, 223, 224, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Fractional distillation; of crude oil, pages 173-4, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
Edexcel
- Fractional distillation, pages 100, 137, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Fractional distillation, pages 103, 253, 254, 302, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
- Fractional distillation, pages 11, 152-153, 177, 190, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
- Fractional distillation, pages 155, 266-267, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
- Fractional distillation, pages 37, 87, 103, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Fractions (of crude oil), pages 253-256, 262, 263, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
- Fractions (of distillation), page 177, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel