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Difference between revisions of "Physics Key Stage 5"

(→‎Fundamental Interactions)
(→‎Quarks)
 
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• evidence supporting the photon model
 
• evidence supporting the photon model
 
• wave-particle duality, particle diffraction
 
• wave-particle duality, particle diffraction
 +
 +
[[Photoelectric Effect]]
 +
*[[Photoelectron]]
 +
*[[Threshold Frequency]]
 +
*[[Work Function]]
 +
*[[Stopping Potential]]
 +
 
====Subatomic Particles====
 
====Subatomic Particles====
 
[[Subatomic Particle]]
 
[[Subatomic Particle]]
 +
*[[Matter]]
 +
*[[Antimatter]]
 
*[[Particle]]
 
*[[Particle]]
−
*[[Anti-particle]]
+
*[[Antiparticle]]
 
*[[Fundamental Particle]]
 
*[[Fundamental Particle]]
  
−
=====Fermions=====
+
=====[[Quark]]s=====
−
[[Fermion]]s
+
*[[Up-quark]]
−
*[[Hadron]]s
+
*[[Down-quark]]
−
**[[Baryon]]s
+
*[[Strange-quark]]
−
***[[Proton]]s
+
*[[Top-quark]]
−
***[[Neutron]]s
+
*[[Bottom-quark]]
−
**[[Meson]]
+
*[[Charm-quark]]
−
***[[π-meson]]
+
 
−
***[[K-meson]]
+
=====[[Fermion]]s=====
−
**[[Quark]]s
+
[[Hadron]]s
−
***[[Up-quark]]
+
*[[Baryon]]s
−
***[[Down-quark]]
+
**[[Proton]]s
−
***[[Strange-quark]]
+
**[[Neutron]]s
−
***[[Top-quark]]
 
−
***[[Bottom-quark]]
 
−
***[[Charm-quark]]
 
 
*[[Lepton]]s
 
*[[Lepton]]s
 
**[[Electron]]
 
**[[Electron]]
Line 102: Line 108:
 
***[[Muon-neutrino]]
 
***[[Muon-neutrino]]
 
***[[Tauon-neutrino]]
 
***[[Tauon-neutrino]]
 +
 
=====Bosons=====
 
=====Bosons=====
 
[[Boson]]s
 
[[Boson]]s
 +
*[[Meson]]
 +
**[[π-meson]]
 +
**[[K-meson]]
 
*[[Photon]]
 
*[[Photon]]
 
*[[W-boson]]
 
*[[W-boson]]
 
*[[Z-boson]]
 
*[[Z-boson]]
−
*[[Gluon]]
+
*[[Gluon]] (π-meson)
  
 
====Particle Properties====
 
====Particle Properties====
−
*[[Rest Mass Energy]]
+
*[[Rest Mass]]
 +
**[[Unified Atomic Mass Units]]
 +
*[[Rest Energy]]
 +
**[[Electronvolt]]
 +
*[[Mass-Energy Equivalence]]
 
*[[Electrical Charge]]
 
*[[Electrical Charge]]
 +
**[[Elementary Charge]]
 
*[[Specific Charge]]
 
*[[Specific Charge]]
 
*[[Strangeness]]
 
*[[Strangeness]]
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*[[Conservation of Mass-energy]]
 
*[[Conservation of Mass-energy]]
 
*[[Conservation of Strangeness]]
 
*[[Conservation of Strangeness]]
 +
*[[Conservation of Momentum]]
 +
 +
====Fundamental Interactions====
 +
[[Fundamental Interactions]]
 +
*[[Strong Nuclear Interaction]]
 +
*[[Weak Nuclear Interaction]]
 +
*[[Electromagnetic Interaction]]
 +
*[[Gravitational Interaction]]
 +
*[[Feynman Diagram]]
 +
 +
====Mass-Energy Equivalence====
 +
*[[Mass-Energy Equivalence]]
 +
*[[Pair Production]]
 +
*[[Annihilation]]
  
 
===Nuclear Decay - Y13===
 
===Nuclear Decay - Y13===
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• electric and gravitational potential and changes in potential energy
 
• electric and gravitational potential and changes in potential energy
 
• uniform electric field
 
• uniform electric field
−
• similarities and differences between electric and gravitational fields  
+
• similarities and differences between electric and gravitational fields
 +
*[[Gravitational Field]] - radial and uniform
 +
**[[Gravitational Potential]]
 +
**[[Gravitational Equipotential]]
 +
**[[Gravitational Potential Energy]]
 +
***[[Work Done on a Mass]]
 +
*[[Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation]]
 +
**[[Gravitational Constant]]
 +
*[[Coulomb's Law]]
 +
**[[Permittivity]]
 +
***[[Permittivity of Free Space]]
 +
***[[Relative Permittivity]]
 +
*[[Electrostatic Field]] - radial, uniform and mix
 +
**[[Uniform Electrostatic Field]]
 +
**[[Electrostatic Potential]]
 +
**[[Electrostatic Equipotential]]
 +
**[[Electrostatic Potential Energy]]
 +
***[[Work Done on a Charge]]
 +
**[[Charged Plates]]
 +
*[[Capacitor]]
 +
**[[Capacitance]]
 +
**[[Electrical Charge]]
 +
**[[Energy Stored in a Capacitor]]
 +
**[[Dielectric]]
 +
**[[Charging a Capacitor]]
 +
**[[Discharging a Capacitor]]
 +
 
 
===B-fields===
 
===B-fields===
 
• force on a straight wire and force on a moving charge in a uniform field
 
• force on a straight wire and force on a moving charge in a uniform field

Latest revision as of 09:39, 12 September 2021

Vectors and Scalars

• the distinction between vector and scalar quantities • resolution of vectors into two components at right angles • addition rule for two vectors • calculations for two perpendicular vectors

Mechanics

Kinematics

• use of kinematic equations in one dimension with constant velocity or acceleration • graphical representation of accelerated motion • interpretation of velocity-time and displacement-time graphs

Dynamics

• use of F = ma when mass is constant • one- and two-dimensional motion under constant force • independent effect of perpendicular components with uniform acceleration, projectile motion

Energy

• calculation of work done for constant forces, including force not along the line of motion • calculation of exchanges between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy • principle of conservation of energy

Momentum

• definition • principle of conservation of momentum • calculations for one-dimensional problems

Circular Motion - Y13

• radian measure of angle and angular velocity • application of F = ma = mv2/r = mrω2 to motion in a circle at constant speed • oscillations: • simple harmonic motion • quantitative treatment using a = –ω²x and its solution x = A cos ωt.

Mechanical Properties of Matter

• stress, strain, Young modulus • force-extension graphs, energy stored

Electrical Circuits

Current

• electric current as rate of flow of charge, I = Δq/Δt

EMF and Potential Difference

• definition of emf and concept of internal resistance • potential difference in terms of energy transfer

Resistance

• definition • resistivity • Ohm’s law

DC Circuits

• conservation of charge and energy in circuits • relationships between currents, voltages and resistances in series and parallel circuits • power dissipated • potential divider circuits

Capacitance - Y13

• definition • energy of a capacitor • quantitative treatment of charge and discharge curves

Waves

• qualitative treatment of polarisation and diffraction • path difference, phase and coherence, interference • graphical treatment of superposition and stationary waves

Matter - Y13

• molecular kinetic theory: • ideal gases; pV = NkT • absolute zero • relationship between temperature and average molecular kinetic energy • internal energy: • idea of internal energy • energy required for temperature change = mcΔθ

Quantum and Nuclear Physics

Photons and Particles

• photon model to explain observable phenomena • evidence supporting the photon model • wave-particle duality, particle diffraction

Photoelectric Effect

Subatomic Particles

Subatomic Particle

Quarks
Fermions

Hadrons

Bosons

Bosons

Particle Properties

Particle Conservation Laws

Fundamental Interactions

Fundamental Interactions

Mass-Energy Equivalence

Nuclear Decay - Y13

• connections between nature, penetration and range of emissions from radioactive substances • evidence for existence of nucleus • activity of radioactive sources and idea of half-life • modelling with constant decay probability leading to exponential decay • nuclear changes in decay

Nuclear Energy

• fission and fusion processes • E = mc2 applied to nuclear processes • calculations relating mass difference to energy change

Fields - Y13

Force Fields

• concept and definition • gravitational force and inverse square field for point (or spherical) masses • electric force and field for point (or spherical) charges in a vacuum • electric and gravitational potential and changes in potential energy • uniform electric field • similarities and differences between electric and gravitational fields

B-fields

• force on a straight wire and force on a moving charge in a uniform field

Flux and electromagnetic induction

• concept and definition • Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws • emf equals rate of change of magnetic flux linkage

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