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Dot and Cross Diagram

Key Stage 4

Meaning

A dot and cross diagram is a diagram used to show how electrons from the outer shells of atoms are shared or transferred in a chemical bond.

About Dot and Cross Diagrams

Dot and cross diagrams can be used to represent covalent bonds and ionic bonds.

Examples

Covalent Bonds
OxygenDotandCrossDiagram.png
NitrogenDotandCrossDiagram.png
CarbonDioxideDotandCrossDiagram.png
The two Oxygen atoms each share two of their electrons with one another. The two Nitrogen atoms each share three of their electrons with one another. Each Oxygen shares two of its electrons with the Carbon atom while the Carbon atom shares two electrons with each Oxygen atom.
Ionic Bonds
LithiumFluorideDotandCrossDiagram.png
MagnesiumOxideDotandCrossDiagram.png
BerylliumFluorideDotandCrossDiagram.png
The Lithium atom donates an electron from its outer shell to the outer shell of the Fluorine atom. The Magnesium atom donates two electrons from its outer shell to the outer shell of the Oxygen atom. The Beryllium atom donates two electrons from its outer shell to the outer shells of each Fluorine atom.


References

AQA

Dot and cross diagram, pages 43, 60-1, 64-5, 133-5, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 114, 116, 117, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 29, 31, 32, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 39, 44-45, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 72-76, 78, 79, 81-83, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 74-78, 80, 81, 83-85, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA

Edexcel

Dot and cross diagrams, page 184, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel
Dot and cross diagrams, page 40, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 21, 23, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 51-53, 56, 58-60, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 84, 86, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel

OCR

Dot and cross diagrams, pages 19, 20, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Dot and cross diagrams, pages 90, 92, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR
Dot-and-cross diagrams, pages 57, 58, 60, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR