Difference between revisions of "Giant Covalent Structure"
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===About Giant Covalent Structures=== | ===About Giant Covalent Structures=== | ||
| − | : '''Giant covalent structures''' are [[molecule]]s | + | : '''Giant covalent structures''' are [[molecule]]s made of a large number of [[non-metal]] [[atom]]s joined by [[Covalent Bond|covalent bonds]]. |
: The [[atom]]s in a '''giant covalent structure''' are arranged in a regular [[lattice]] (a repeating pattern of [[element]]s. | : The [[atom]]s in a '''giant covalent structure''' are arranged in a regular [[lattice]] (a repeating pattern of [[element]]s. | ||
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|[[File:SilicaStructure.png|center|150px]] | |[[File:SilicaStructure.png|center|150px]] | ||
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| − | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | + | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Diamond]] is a '''giant covalent structure''' where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 4 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s. |
| − | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | + | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Graphite]] has a '''giant covalent structure''' where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 3 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s in a layer with loose [[bond]]s between the layers. |
| − | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | + | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Graphene]] has a '''giant covalent structure''' where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 3 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s forming a layer that is one [[atom]] thick. |
| − | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" | | + | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Silica]] is made of [[Silicon]] and [[Oxygen]] [[atom]]s in a [[lattice]] forming a '''giant covalent structure'''. |
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===Bulk Properties=== | ===Bulk Properties=== | ||
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: [[Diamond]] is a poor [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductor]] because all the [[electron]]s are shared by [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s so none are free to move between [[atom]]s. | : [[Diamond]] is a poor [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductor]] because all the [[electron]]s are shared by [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s so none are free to move between [[atom]]s. | ||
: [[Graphite]] and [[graphene]] are good [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductors]] because the [[Carbon]] [[atom]]s only form 3 [[bond]]s with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s allowing a spare [[electron]] in each [[atom]] to move freely around the [[molecule]]. | : [[Graphite]] and [[graphene]] are good [[Electrical Conductor|electrical conductors]] because the [[Carbon]] [[atom]]s only form 3 [[bond]]s with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s allowing a spare [[electron]] in each [[atom]] to move freely around the [[molecule]]. | ||
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| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | ====AQA==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09942 ''Giant covalent structures, page 118, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d138 ''Giant covalent structures, page 33, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 45, 48-51, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 85-88, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 87-90, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Giant covalent substances, page 44, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Giant covalent substances, pages 159, 163-4, 247, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Giant covalent substances; properties of, page 160, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Edexcel==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Giant covalent structures, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Giant covalent structures, page 87, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Giant covalent structures, pages 62-64, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====OCR==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Giant covalent structures, pages 21, 25, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Giant covalent structures, pages 62-63, 74-75, 77, 78, 87, 220, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:12, 11 December 2019
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Giant covalent structures are very large molecules in which all the atoms are held to one another by covalent bonds.
About Giant Covalent Structures
- Giant covalent structures are molecules made of a large number of non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds.
- The atoms in a giant covalent structure are arranged in a regular lattice (a repeating pattern of elements.
Examples
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| Diamond is a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 4 bonds with adjacent atoms. | Graphite has a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms in a layer with loose bonds between the layers. | Graphene has a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms forming a layer that is one atom thick. | Silica is made of Silicon and Oxygen atoms in a lattice forming a giant covalent structure. |
Bulk Properties
- Giant Covalent Structures usually have very high melting points due to the strong chemical bonds between adjacent atoms.
- Giant Covalent Structures may have good or poor electrical conductors depending on whether there are any electrons free to move between atoms.
- Diamond is a poor electrical conductor because all the electrons are shared by adjacent atoms so none are free to move between atoms.
- Graphite and graphene are good electrical conductors because the Carbon atoms only form 3 bonds with adjacent atoms allowing a spare electron in each atom to move freely around the molecule.
References
AQA
- Giant covalent structures, page 118, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Giant covalent structures, page 33, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Giant covalent structures, pages 45, 48-51, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
- Giant covalent structures, pages 85-88, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Giant covalent structures, pages 87-90, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Giant covalent substances, page 44, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
- Giant covalent substances, pages 159, 163-4, 247, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA
- Giant covalent substances; properties of, page 160, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA
Edexcel
- Giant covalent structures, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Giant covalent structures, page 87, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Giant covalent structures, pages 62-64, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel