Difference between revisions of "Hydroxide Ion (Chemistry)"
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==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
| − | A '''Hydroxide ion''' ('''OH<sup>-</sup>'''), is a [[Negative Ion| | + | A '''Hydroxide ion''' ('''OH<sup>-</sup>'''), is a [[Negative Ion|negative ion]] of [[Hydrogen]] [[bond]]ed to [[Oxygen]] found in [[acid]] [[solution]]s. |
===About Hydroxide Ions=== | ===About Hydroxide Ions=== | ||
: When a [[base|basic]] [[compound]] [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] it forms '''Hydroxide ions'''. | : When a [[base|basic]] [[compound]] [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] it forms '''Hydroxide ions'''. | ||
| + | : '''Hydroxides''' in [[solution]] are [[alkali]]s. | ||
: '''Hydroxide ions''' are responsible for the [[corrosive]] [[property|properties]] of [[alkali]]s. | : '''Hydroxide ions''' are responsible for the [[corrosive]] [[property|properties]] of [[alkali]]s. | ||
| + | : '''Hydroxide''' has gained an [[electron]]s to have a relative [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of -1. | ||
| + | : '''Hydroxide''' forms [[Ionic Bond|ionic bond]]s with [[Positive Ion|positive ions]]. | ||
| + | : '''Hydroxides''' are [[Ionic Compound|ionic compounds]]. | ||
===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
| Line 15: | Line 19: | ||
: Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>(aq) → Al<sup>+3</sup>(aq)+3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) | : Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>(aq) → Al<sup>+3</sup>(aq)+3OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) | ||
| − | [[Metal Oxide]]s [[Chemical Reaction|react]] with [[water]] to | + | [[Metal Oxide]]s [[Chemical Reaction|react]] with [[water]] to [[product|produce]] [[Metal Hydroxides]] which also form '''Hydroxide ions'''. |
| − | : | + | : Na<sub>2</sub>O(s) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → 2Na<sup>+</sup>(aq)+2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) |
| − | : | + | : K<sub>2</sub>O(s) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → 2K<sup>+</sup>(aq)+2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) |
| − | : | + | : MgO(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → Mg<sup>+2</sup>(aq)+2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) |
| − | : | + | : CaO(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → Ca<sup>+2</sup>(aq)+2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) |
| − | : | + | : Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(s) + 3H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → 2Al<sup>+3</sup>(aq)+6OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) |
| + | |||
| + | [[Ammonia]] also [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] with [[water]] to produce '''Hydroxide ions''': | ||
| + | : NH<sub>3</sub>O(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O(l) ⇌ NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>(aq)+OH<sup>-</sup>(aq) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Edexcel==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Hydroxide ions, page 43, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Hydroxide ions, pages 118, 120, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====OCR==== | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Hydroxide ions, page 112, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Hydroxide ions, page 43, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR ''] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:01, 12 December 2019
Key Stage 4
Meaning
A Hydroxide ion (OH-), is a negative ion of Hydrogen bonded to Oxygen found in acid solutions.
About Hydroxide Ions
- When a basic compound dissolves in water it forms Hydroxide ions.
- Hydroxides in solution are alkalis.
- Hydroxide ions are responsible for the corrosive properties of alkalis.
- Hydroxide has gained an electrons to have a relative charge of -1.
- Hydroxide forms ionic bonds with positive ions.
- Hydroxides are ionic compounds.
Examples
Metal Hydroxides form Hydroxide ions in water.
- NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)
- KOH(aq) → K+(aq)+OH-(aq)
- Mg(OH)2(aq) → Mg+2(aq)+2OH-(aq)
- Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca+2(aq)+2OH-(aq)
- Al(OH)3(aq) → Al+3(aq)+3OH-(aq)
Metal Oxides react with water to produce Metal Hydroxides which also form Hydroxide ions.
- Na2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2Na+(aq)+2OH-(aq)
- K2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2K+(aq)+2OH-(aq)
- MgO(s) + 2H2O(l) → Mg+2(aq)+2OH-(aq)
- CaO(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca+2(aq)+2OH-(aq)
- Al2O3(s) + 3H2O(l) → 2Al+3(aq)+6OH-(aq)
Ammonia also reacts with water to produce Hydroxide ions:
- NH3O(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq)+OH-(aq)
Edexcel
- Hydroxide ions, page 43, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Hydroxide ions, pages 118, 120, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel