Difference between revisions of "X-ray"

Latest revision as of 12:13, 25 December 2019

Key Stage 4

Meaning

X-rays are the second highest frequency and second shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves.

About X-rays

X-rays are transverse waves.

X-rays can travel through a vacuum as well as through gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

The speed of x-rays through a vacuum is 300,000,000m/s.

As a wave x-rays can be:

Transmitted - X-rays can pass through a medium.
Absorbed - The energy transferred by x-rays can be taken in by certain materials.
Reflected - X-rays can bounce off an interface between two media, particularly the surface of a shiny metal.
Refracted - X-rays can change direction when they cross the interface between two media.

Unique Properties

X-rays can cause electrons in many materials to gain enough energy to leave atoms creating ions which can destroy chemical bonds.

X-rays can penetrate soft tissue such as the skin.

X-rays are refracted by bones.

X-rays cannot pass through heavy metals (metals with a high atomic mass).

Applications

X-rays can be used to create medical images of bones because they can penetrate soft tissue such as the skin and are refracted by bones.

X-rays can be used to create medical images of the intestines when a human ingests Barium Sulphate because X-rays cannot pass through heavy metals (metals with a high atomic mass).

Dangers

X-rays can cause cancer because x-rays can penetrate soft tissue and can ionise and damage DNA molecules in the body cells leading to a mutation.

References

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 : [[X-ray]]s can be used to create medical images of the [[intestine]]s when a [[human]] [[ingest]]s [[Barium Sulphate]] because [[X-ray]]s cannot pass through heavy [[metal]]s ([[metal]]s with a high [[Atomic Mass|atomic mass]]).
 ====Dangers====
-: [[X-ray]]s can cause cancer because [[x-ray]]s can [[penetrate]] soft [[tissue]] and can ionise and damage [[DNA]] [[molecule]]s in the body [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] leading to a [[mutation]].
+: [[X-ray]]s can cause cancer because [[x-ray]]s can [[Penetration Depth|penetrate]] soft [[tissue]] and can ionise and damage [[DNA]] [[molecule]]s in the body [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] leading to a [[mutation]].
+===References===
+====AQA====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''X-ray diffraction, page 257, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''X-rays, pages 122, 124-5, 196-7, 208, 213, 216-17, 282, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''X-rays, pages 194, 199, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''X-rays, pages 200, 208, 211, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe10444 ''X-rays, pages 223, 225, 228, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''X-rays, pages 242, 250, 251, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''X-rays, pages 261, 266, 268, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac515 ''X-rays, pages 80, 81, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''X-rays, pages 99, 196-199, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''X-rays; uses and applications, page 201, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA '']
+====Edexcel====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''X-rays, page 127, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''X-rays, page 28, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''X-rays, pages 168, 171, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''X-rays, pages 43, 47, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''X-rays, pages 76, 85, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''X-rays; dangers, page 136, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''X-rays; uses, pages 134, 135, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']
+====OCR====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''X-rays, pages 155-156, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''X-rays, pages 192, 194, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''X-rays, pages 66, 68, 69, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
+==Beyond the Curriculum==
+{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsV7SJDDCY4}}