Difference between revisions of "Haber Process"
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: The [[Yield (Chemistry)|yield]] can be improved by increasing the [[pressure]] inside the [[Reaction Vessel|reaction vessel]] which favours the forward [[Chemical Reaction|forward reaction]]. | : The [[Yield (Chemistry)|yield]] can be improved by increasing the [[pressure]] inside the [[Reaction Vessel|reaction vessel]] which favours the forward [[Chemical Reaction|forward reaction]]. | ||
: The [[Haber Process]] is essential to modern [[agriculture]] as it produces [[Nitrogen]] based [[fertiliser]]s for [[crop]]s. Without this the [[soil]] would run out of [[Nitrate]]s and [[plant]]s would not longer be able to [[growth|grow]]. | : The [[Haber Process]] is essential to modern [[agriculture]] as it produces [[Nitrogen]] based [[fertiliser]]s for [[crop]]s. Without this the [[soil]] would run out of [[Nitrate]]s and [[plant]]s would not longer be able to [[growth|grow]]. | ||
| − | ===Iron Catalyst and the Haber Process=== | + | ===(Higher) Iron Catalyst and the Haber Process=== |
: The [[Iron]] [[catalyst]] increases the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]]. | : The [[Iron]] [[catalyst]] increases the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]]. | ||
: However, this works for both the [[Forward Reaction|forward]] and [[Back Reaction|back reaction]] so it does not affect the [[Equilibrium Position|equilibrium position]]. | : However, this works for both the [[Forward Reaction|forward]] and [[Back Reaction|back reaction]] so it does not affect the [[Equilibrium Position|equilibrium position]]. | ||
| − | ===Pressure and the Haber Process=== | + | ===(Higher) Pressure and the Haber Process=== |
: Using the [[Balanced Symbol Equation|balanced symbol equation]] for this [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]: | : Using the [[Balanced Symbol Equation|balanced symbol equation]] for this [[Chemical Reaction|reaction]]: | ||
: <chem> 3H2(g) + N2(g) <=> 2NH3(g) </chem> | : <chem> 3H2(g) + N2(g) <=> 2NH3(g) </chem> | ||
: It can be seen that 4 [[Mole]]s of [[reactant]]s is needed to [[product|produce]] 2 [[Mole]]s of [[product]]s. This means a higher [[pressure]] will force the [[Equilibrium Position]] to favour the [[product]]s over the [[reactant]]s as they take up less [[Volume (Space)|volume]]. | : It can be seen that 4 [[Mole]]s of [[reactant]]s is needed to [[product|produce]] 2 [[Mole]]s of [[product]]s. This means a higher [[pressure]] will force the [[Equilibrium Position]] to favour the [[product]]s over the [[reactant]]s as they take up less [[Volume (Space)|volume]]. | ||
| − | ===Temperature and the Haber Process=== | + | ===(Higher) Temperature and the Haber Process=== |
: The [[temperature]] affects both the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]] and the [[Equilibrium Position]]. | : The [[temperature]] affects both the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]] and the [[Equilibrium Position]]. | ||
: A higher [[temperature]] increases the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]] because it causes the [[particle]]s of [[reactant]] to [[Collision Theory|collide]] more frequently. | : A higher [[temperature]] increases the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]] because it causes the [[particle]]s of [[reactant]] to [[Collision Theory|collide]] more frequently. | ||
: A higher [[temperature]] favours the [[Back Reaction|back reaction]] because the [[Forward Reaction|forward reaction]] is [[exothermic]] and the [[Back Reaction|back reaction]] is [[endothermic]]. | : A higher [[temperature]] favours the [[Back Reaction|back reaction]] because the [[Forward Reaction|forward reaction]] is [[exothermic]] and the [[Back Reaction|back reaction]] is [[endothermic]]. | ||
: To optimise the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]] and the [[Forward Reaction|forward reaction]] the optimum [[temperature]] is 450°C. This [[temperature]] [[product|produces]] the best [[Yield (Chemistry)|yield]] in the shortest [[time]]. | : To optimise the [[Rate of Reaction|rate of reaction]] and the [[Forward Reaction|forward reaction]] the optimum [[temperature]] is 450°C. This [[temperature]] [[product|produces]] the best [[Yield (Chemistry)|yield]] in the shortest [[time]]. | ||
Revision as of 16:59, 27 January 2019
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
The Haber Process is a process used to produce Ammonia from Nitrogen gas.
About the Haber Process
- In the Haber Process Nitrogen and Hydrogen gas are passed over an Iron catalyst at 450°C and a Pressure of 20,200,000Pa (200 times normal atmospheric pressure).
- The reaction in the Haber Process is a reversible reaction:
Hydrogen + Nitrogen ⇌ Ammonia
<chem> 3H2(g) + N2(g) <=> 2NH3(g) </chem>
- The reaction in the Haber Process will reach a state of dynamic equilibrium with an equilibrium position which can be changed by altering the temperature or pressure of the reaction mixture.
- The yield can be improved by increasing the pressure inside the reaction vessel which favours the forward forward reaction.
- The Haber Process is essential to modern agriculture as it produces Nitrogen based fertilisers for crops. Without this the soil would run out of Nitrates and plants would not longer be able to grow.
(Higher) Iron Catalyst and the Haber Process
- The Iron catalyst increases the rate of reaction.
- However, this works for both the forward and back reaction so it does not affect the equilibrium position.
(Higher) Pressure and the Haber Process
- Using the balanced symbol equation for this reaction:
- <chem> 3H2(g) + N2(g) <=> 2NH3(g) </chem>
- It can be seen that 4 Moles of reactants is needed to produce 2 Moles of products. This means a higher pressure will force the Equilibrium Position to favour the products over the reactants as they take up less volume.
(Higher) Temperature and the Haber Process
- The temperature affects both the rate of reaction and the Equilibrium Position.
- A higher temperature increases the rate of reaction because it causes the particles of reactant to collide more frequently.
- A higher temperature favours the back reaction because the forward reaction is exothermic and the back reaction is endothermic.
- To optimise the rate of reaction and the forward reaction the optimum temperature is 450°C. This temperature produces the best yield in the shortest time.