Difference between revisions of "X-ray"
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====Dangers==== | ====Dangers==== | ||
: [[X-ray]]s can cause cancer because [[x-ray]]s can [[Penetration Depth|penetrate]] soft [[tissue]] and can ionise and damage [[DNA]] [[molecule]]s in the body [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] leading to a [[mutation]]. | : [[X-ray]]s can cause cancer because [[x-ray]]s can [[Penetration Depth|penetrate]] soft [[tissue]] and can ionise and damage [[DNA]] [[molecule]]s in the body [[Cell (Biology)|cells]] leading to a [[mutation]]. | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
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:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''X-rays, pages 99, 196-199, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''X-rays, pages 99, 196-199, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''X-rays; uses and applications, page 201, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA ''] | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851370/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851370&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=01c69b0ae058f809cf636033e6ba793e ''X-rays; uses and applications, page 201, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
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| + | ====Edexcel==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''X-rays, page 127, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''X-rays, page 28, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''X-rays, pages 168, 171, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''X-rays, pages 43, 47, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''X-rays, pages 76, 85, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''X-rays; dangers, page 136, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''X-rays; uses, pages 134, 135, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Beyond the Curriculum== | ||
| + | {{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsV7SJDDCY4}} | ||
Revision as of 17:11, 29 November 2019
Contents
Key Stage 4
Meaning
X-rays are the second highest frequency and second shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves.
About X-rays
- X-rays are transverse waves.
- X-rays can travel through a vacuum as well as through gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
- The speed of x-rays through a vacuum is 300,000,000m/s.
- Transmitted - X-rays can pass through a medium.
- Absorbed - The energy transferred by x-rays can be taken in by certain materials.
- Reflected - X-rays can bounce off an interface between two media, particularly the surface of a shiny metal.
- Refracted - X-rays can change direction when they cross the interface between two media.
Unique Properties
- X-rays can cause electrons in many materials to gain enough energy to leave atoms creating ions which can destroy chemical bonds.
- X-rays can penetrate soft tissue such as the skin.
- X-rays are refracted by bones.
- X-rays cannot pass through heavy metals (metals with a high atomic mass).
Applications
- X-rays can be used to create medical images of bones because they can penetrate soft tissue such as the skin and are refracted by bones.
- X-rays can be used to create medical images of the intestines when a human ingests Barium Sulphate because X-rays cannot pass through heavy metals (metals with a high atomic mass).
Dangers
- X-rays can cause cancer because x-rays can penetrate soft tissue and can ionise and damage DNA molecules in the body cells leading to a mutation.
References
AQA
- X-ray diffraction, page 257, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- X-rays, pages 122, 124-5, 196-7, 208, 213, 216-17, 282, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- X-rays, pages 194, 199, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
- X-rays, pages 200, 208, 211, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA
- X-rays, pages 223, 225, 228, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- X-rays, pages 242, 250, 251, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA
- X-rays, pages 261, 266, 268, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA
- X-rays, pages 80, 81, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- X-rays, pages 99, 196-199, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
- X-rays; uses and applications, page 201, GCSE Physics, Hodder, AQA
Edexcel
- X-rays, page 127, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
- X-rays, page 28, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel
- X-rays, pages 168, 171, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- X-rays, pages 43, 47, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- X-rays, pages 76, 85, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel
- X-rays; dangers, page 136, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel
- X-rays; uses, pages 134, 135, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel