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State of Matter

12,682 bytes added, 10:53, 24 February 2021
→‎About States of Matter
===Key Stage 2===
===Meaning===
'''State of matter''' means whether a [[material]] is [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas]].
===About States of Matter===
: [[Material|Materials]] can be [[solid]], [[liquid ]] or [[gas]].
: The '''state of matter''' can be changed by heating or cooling the material.
: Heating can turn a [[solid ]] into a [[liquid and ]]. This is called [[melting]].: Heating can turn a [[liquid ]] to a [[gas]]. This is called [[evaporating]].: Cooling can turn a [[gas ]] into a [[liquid and ]]. This is called [[condensing]].: Cooling can turn a [[liquid ]] into [[solid]]. This is called [[freezing]]. ====Solid====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Solids are a '''state of matter''' that:
|-
|[[File:SolidPourBrickRed.png|center|600px200px]]|[[File:Water.png|center|200px]]|[[File:Balloon.png|center|200px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |*Cannot be poured[[Brick]] is a [[solid]] material.*Hold their shape if you leave them alone| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Water]] is a [[liquid]] material.*Do not flow| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Inside the balloon is a [[gas]] called [[helium]].
|}
 
==Key Stage 3==
===Meaning===
'''State of matter''' means whether a [[material]] is [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas]].
===About States of Matter===
: [[Material|Materials]] can be [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas]].
: The '''state of matter''' can be changed by heating or cooling the material.
: Heating can turn a [[solid]] into a [[liquid]] by [[melting]] or it can turn a [[solid]] straight into a [[gas]] by [[subliming]].
: Heating can turn a [[liquid]] to a [[gas]]. This is called [[evaporating]].
: Cooling can turn a [[gas]] into a [[liquid]] by [[condensing]] or it can turn a [[gas]] into a [[solid]] by [[depositing]].
: Cooling can turn a [[liquid]] into [[solid]]. This is called [[freezing]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:SolidSquashParticleModelSolidLiquidGas.png|center|600px500px]]
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |This [[diagram]] shows the 3 '''Solidsstates of matter''' cannot be squashed into a smaller size. You can change their shape by squashing, but their size stays in the same[[Particle Model|particle model]].
|}
Examples of solid [[Material|materials]]:*Brick*Wood*Plastic*Glass*Ice ====Liquid=Properties of the States of Matter=== 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Liquids are a style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Solid''state of matter'| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'' that'Liquid'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Gas'''|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Cannot be compressed.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Cannot be compressed.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Can be compressed.
|-
|[[Filestyle="height:LiquidPour20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Does not flow.png|style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |600px]]Can flow.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Can flow.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |*Can be poured and will flowHolds its shape.*Cannot hold their | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Fits the shapeof the container.*Fit | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Fits the size and shape of the container.
|}
 
==Key Stage 4==
===Meaning===
'''State of matter''' means whether a [[material]] is [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas]].
===About States of Matter===
: [[Material|Materials]] can be [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas]].
: The '''state of matter''' can be altered by changing the [[temperature]] of the [[material]] or changing the [[pressure]] on the [[material]].
: The [[property|properties]] of [[solid]]s, [[liquid]]s and [[gas]]es can be explained by the way the [[particle]]s inside those [[substance]]s behave.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Solids
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Diagram'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Arrangement'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Property'''
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[File:ParticleModelSolid.png|center|200px]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Particle]]s are in fixed positions.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Solid]]s hold their shape.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Convection]] cannot happen in [[solid]]s.
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Particle]]s are very close together.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Solid]]s cannot be [[compressed]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Sound]] passes through [[solid]]s faster than [[liquid]]s and [[gas]]es.
|-
|[[Filestyle="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:LiquidSquash.png|center;" |600px[[Particle]]s [[vibrate]].
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |'''Liquids''' cannot be squashed into a smaller size. You can change their shape, but their size stays the same[[Thermal Conduction]] happens best in [[solid]]s.
|}
 
Examples of liquid [[Material|materials]]:
*Water
*Oil
 
====Gas====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Gases are a '''state of matter''' that:Liquids
|-
|[[Filestyle="height:GasPour.png20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Diagram'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Arrangement'''| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |600px]]'''Property'''
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[File:ParticleModelLiquid.png|center|200px]]|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s can slide past each other.| style="height:20px; width:600px200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |[[Liquid]]s can be poured.*Cannot hold their shape.|-*Fit | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Liquid]]s fit the shape of their container.*Can |-|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Convection]] happens in [[solid]]s.|-|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s are close together.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Liquid]]s cannot be poured and will flow[[compressed]].|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Sound]] passes through [[liquid]]s faster than [[gas]]es.|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Thermal Conduction]] happens in [[liquid]]s but not as well as in [[solid]]s.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Gases
|-
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Diagram'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Particle Arrangement'''
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Property'''
|-
|rowspan="6"|[[File:ParticleModelGas.png|center|200px]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s are free to move in all directions.
| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Gas]]es fit the size of their container.
|-
|[[Filestyle="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:GasSquash.png|center;" |600px[[Gas]]es fit the shape of their container.
|-
| style="height:20px; width:600px200px; text-align:leftcenter;" |'''Gases''' [[Convection]] happens most easily in [[gas]]es.|-|rowspan="3"|[[Particle]]s are spread apart.| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Gas]]es can be squashed [[compressed]] into a smaller size[[Volume (Space)|volume]].|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Sound]] passes through [[gas]]es slower than [[liquid]]s and [[solid]]s.|-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Thermal Conduction]] is very poor in a [[gas]]es.
|}
Examples ====Why isn't everything a gas?====: When [[particle]]s are near each other, they tend to stick together. This is due to [[force]]s acting between [[adjacent]] [[particle]]s. When two [[particle]]s are near one another they are [[attracted]] together. This causes those [[particle]]s to come together. Without this [[force]] of [[attraction]] between particles they would not stick together and there would be no [[solid]] or [[liquid]] '''states'''.: What determines if a [[substance]] is a [[solid]], [[liquid]] or [[gas ]] at [[MaterialRoom Temperature|materialsroom temperature]] is how big that [[force]] of [[attraction]]is. ====Why Solids and Liquids exist====:Different [[substance]]s have a different [[force]] of [[attraction]] between the [[adjacent]] [[particle]]s.*Air : Silicon dioxide (A mixture sand and glass) is [[solid]] at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] because there is a strong [[force]] of gases[[attraction]] between [[adjacent]] [[molecule]]s.: [[Water]] is a [[liquid]] at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] because the [[force]] of [[attraction]] is not great enough to hold the [[molecule]]s in position. However, mostly nitrogen and oxygen)it is great enough to keep them together. : [[Oxygen]] is a gas at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] because there is a very weak [[force]] of [[attraction]] between [[adjacent]] [[molecule]]s. ===References=======AQA==== :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945970/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945970&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a120d24dcc7cc7a58192069a3aafc1d2 ''States of matter, pages 106, 107, 110-113, GCSE Physics; The Complete 9-1 Course for AQA, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe10313 ''States of matter, pages 121, 122, 193, 195, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''States of matter, pages 164-5, 323, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d244 ''States of matter, pages 36, 37, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''States of matter, pages 36-37, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294558X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294558X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f0dfb66dafcb0c6e9449e7b1a4ae1ac428 ''States of matter, pages 38-40, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''States of matter, pages 49-50, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''States of matter, pages 56-7, 59, 68-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/019835939X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=019835939X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=57e96876985fc39b1a3d8a3e3dc238b6 ''States of matter, pages 78-85, GCSE Physics; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''States of matter, pages 84, 100-1, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782946403/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782946403&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=32a0abb60dff015b15b50e9b1d7b4644 ''States of matter, pages 96, 97, 100-103, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Physics, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''States of matter, pages 97, 101, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''States of matter, pages 99, 103, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''States of matter; changes of, pages 324-5, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA ''] ====Edexcel==== :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Sates of matter, pages 97, 98, 201, 203, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120223/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120223&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=068ecf40278c32406a7f1c6e66751417 ''States of matter, page 182, GCSE Physics, Pearson Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''States of matter, pages 2-3, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''States of matter, pages 299, 300, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945733&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=2a2dbec9db6bf5766c0458d908fa0a52 ''States of matter, pages 94, 96, GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''States of matter, pages 95-99, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948163/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948163&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=0fdbfd5dd397d6e24a9dfb250f08587f ''States of matter; changing state, pages 302, 303, GCSE Physics, CGP, Edexcel ''] ====OCR====:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''States of matter, page 12, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945687/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945687&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9a598e52189317a20311d7a632747bc9 ''States of matter, page 14, Gateway GCSE Physics; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''States of matter, pages 18-21, 76-77, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']*Steam:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''States of matter, pages 82, 152, 154, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
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