Difference between revisions of "Nuclear Model"
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: The [[Nuclear Model]] was first proposed by [[Ernest Rutherford]] after he successfully disproved the [[Plum Pudding Model]] of the [[atom]] using his [[Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment|alpha scattering experiment]]. | : The [[Nuclear Model]] was first proposed by [[Ernest Rutherford]] after he successfully disproved the [[Plum Pudding Model]] of the [[atom]] using his [[Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment|alpha scattering experiment]]. | ||
: In the [[Nuclear Model]] most of the [[atom]] is empty space. The majority of the [[mass]] of the [[atom]] is concentrated in a small central [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. This central [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] has a strong [[Positive Charge|positive charge]] while [[Negative Charge|negatively charged]] [[electron]]s [[orbit]] the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. | : In the [[Nuclear Model]] most of the [[atom]] is empty space. The majority of the [[mass]] of the [[atom]] is concentrated in a small central [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. This central [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] has a strong [[Positive Charge|positive charge]] while [[Negative Charge|negatively charged]] [[electron]]s [[orbit]] the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Evidence for the Nuclear Model=== | ||
+ | : In [[Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment]] several observations about the path of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particles]] through a thin sheet of [[Gold]] foil that led to the development of the [[Nuclear Model]]: | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Observation''' | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |'''Conclusion''' | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Most of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s pass straight through the foil. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[atom]] must be mostly empty space. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |Some of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s were deflected by a small angle. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The [[mass]] of the [[atom]] must be concentrated in an extremely small [[Volume (Space)|volume]] in the centre. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A very small number of [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s came back in the direction of the detector. (Deflected more than 90°.) | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |The centre of an [[atom]] must have a strong positive charge. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[electron]]s must not be in the centre of the [[atom]], they must be [[orbit]]ing the [[nucleus]]. | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | hey discovered that most of the [[Alpha Particle|alpha particle]]s went through in a straight line. A significant number were [[deflect]]ed and a very small number bounced off the [[Gold]] back towards the [[Alpha Particle|alpha]] source. |
Revision as of 12:05, 24 November 2018
Key Stage 4
Meaning
The Nuclear Model is a model of the atom which suggests there is a positively charged nucleus in the centre of an atom with electrons orbiting around the nucleus.
About the Nuclear Model
- The Nuclear Model was first proposed by Ernest Rutherford after he successfully disproved the Plum Pudding Model of the atom using his alpha scattering experiment.
- In the Nuclear Model most of the atom is empty space. The majority of the mass of the atom is concentrated in a small central nucleus. This central nucleus has a strong positive charge while negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus.
Evidence for the Nuclear Model
- In Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment several observations about the path of alpha particles through a thin sheet of Gold foil that led to the development of the Nuclear Model:
Observation | Conclusion |
Most of the alpha particles pass straight through the foil. | The atom must be mostly empty space. |
Some of the alpha particles were deflected by a small angle. | The mass of the atom must be concentrated in an extremely small volume in the centre. |
A very small number of alpha particles came back in the direction of the detector. (Deflected more than 90°.) | The centre of an atom must have a strong positive charge.
The electrons must not be in the centre of the atom, they must be orbiting the nucleus. |
hey discovered that most of the alpha particles went through in a straight line. A significant number were deflected and a very small number bounced off the Gold back towards the alpha source.