Difference between revisions of "Group 1"

Latest revision as of 15:32, 11 December 2019

Key Stage 4

Meaning

Group 1 elements, also known as Alkali Metals on the Periodic Table are the elements which have only one electron in their outer shell.


Group 1 elements are shown in light purple at the far left of the Periodic Table. NB: Hydrogen is often shown in Group 1 due to having a single electron in the outer shell however it is not considered an Alkali Metal because it has very few properties in common with Alkali Metals.

About the Alkali Metals

Though Hydrogen has one electron in the outer shell it does not behave the same as other elements in group 1 so it is not considered to be an Alkali Metal.

The Alkali Metals have similar chemical properties because they all have one electron on their outer shell.

Alkali Metals all produce ions with a +1 relative charge because they lose an electron in chemical reactions.

The Alkali Metals in order from least reactive to most reactive are:

Lithium (Li)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Rubidium (Rb)
Caesium (Cs)
Francium (Fr)

Chemical Properties

Alkali Metals are all highly reactive and will oxidise quickly in the presence of Oxygen.

Alkali Metals all react strongly with water to produce metal hydroxides and Hydrogen gas.

Alkali Metals all produce strong alkalis.

		In a chemical reaction the electron in the outer shell is lost. The reactivity increases as you go down the group because: The outer electron is further away from the nucleus with each additional electron shell making the force of attraction weaker. This makes it easier for an atom to lose it's outer electron. Even though the charge of the nucleus increases the outer electron is shielded from most of the positive charge of the nucleus by electrons in the inner shells.

Physical Properties

Alkali Metals have a low density compared to other metals.

Alkali Metals are all solid at room temperature but have a low melting point compared to other metals.

Alkali Metals are soft and can be easily cut.

Alkali Metals all appear shiny (before they oxidise).

References

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 |[[File:PeriodicTableGroups.png|center|600px]]
 |-
-| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Group 1]] [[element]]s are shown in light purple at the far left of the Periodic Table]].
+| style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |[[Group 1]] [[element]]s are shown in light purple at the far left of the [[Periodic Table]]. NB: [[Hydrogen]] is often shown in [[Group 1]] due to having a single [[electron]] in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] however it is not considered an '''Alkali Metal''' because it has very few [[property|properties]] in common with '''Alkali Metals'''.
 |}
 ===About the Alkali Metals===
+: Though [[Hydrogen]] has one [[electron]] in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] it does not behave the same as other [[element]]s in '''group 1''' so it is not considered to be an '''Alkali Metal'''.
 : The '''Alkali Metals''' have similar [[Chemical Property|chemical properties]] because they all have one [[electron]] on their [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].
 : '''Alkali Metals''' all produce [[ion]]s with a +1 [[Relative Atomic Charge|relative charge]] because they lose an [[electron]] in [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reactions]].
+The '''Alkali Metals''' in order from least [[reactivity|reactive]] to most [[reactivity|reactive]] are:
+*[[Lithium]] (Li)
+*[[Sodium]] (Na)
+*[[Potassium]] (K)
+*[[Rubidium]] (Rb)
+*[[Caesium]] (Cs)
+*[[Francium]] (Fr)
 ===Chemical Properties===
-: '''Alkali Metals''' are all highly [[Reactivity|reactive]] and will [[Oxidisation|oxidise]] quickly in the presence of [[Oxygen]].
+: '''Alkali Metals''' are all highly [[Reactivity|reactive]] and will [[Oxidation|oxidise]] quickly in the presence of [[Oxygen]].
 : '''Alkali Metals''' all [[Chemical Reaction|react]] strongly with [[water]] to produce [[Metal Hydroxide|metal hydroxides]] and [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]].
 : '''Alkali Metals''' all produce strong [[alkali]]s.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+|[[File:Group1ElectronShells.png|center|100px]]
+|[[File:Group1ElectronShielding.png|center|100px]]
+| style="height:20px; width:400px; text-align:left;" |In a [[Chemical Reaction|chemical reaction]] the [[electron]] in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] is lost.
+The [[reactivity]] increases as you go down the group because:
+*The outer [[electron]] is further away from the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] with each additional [[Electron Orbital|electron shell]] making the [[force]] of [[attract]]ion weaker. This makes it easier for an [[atom]] to lose it's outer [[electron]].
+*Even though the [[Electrical Charge|charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] increases the outer [[electron]] is shielded from most of the [[Positive Charge|positive charge]] of the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] by [[electron]]s in the inner shells.
+|}
 ===Physical Properties===
 : '''Alkali Metals''' have a low [[density]] compared to other [[metal]]s.
-: '''Alkali Metals''' have a low [[Melting Point|melting point]] compared to other [[metal]]s.
+: '''Alkali Metals''' are all [[solid]] at [[Room Temperature|room temperature]] but have a low [[Melting Point|melting point]] compared to other [[metal]]s.
 : '''Alkali Metals''' are soft and can be easily cut.
-: '''Alkali Metals''' all appear shiny (before they [[oxidisation|oxidise]]).
+: '''Alkali Metals''' all appear shiny (before they [[oxidation|oxidise]]).
+===References===
+====AQA====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Alkali metals (Group 1), pages 14-15, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09664 ''Alkali metals, page 109, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d34 ''Alkali metals, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Alkali metals, pages 129-31, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Alkali metals, pages 26-27, 30-31, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Alkali metals, pages 56-58, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Alkali metals, pages 56-59, 66, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Alkali metals, physical properties, page 162, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA'']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Group 1 (alkali metals), pages 129-31, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Group 1 (alkali metals), pages 42-3, 46, 49, 42-3, 131, 133-5, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851354/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851354&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9012a0d354024419214fb3ad5ac44ba0 ''Group 1 (alkali metals); physical properties, page 162, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 1, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09971 ''Group 1, page 109, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d146 ''Group 1, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Group 1, pages 14-15, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Group 1, pages 26-27, 30-31, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Group 1, pages 56-58, 66, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Group 1, pages 56-58, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA '']
+====Edexcel====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Alkali metals, page 123, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Alkali metals, page 73, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120215/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120215&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=8f96ddb76196848bafdb124354e4cf77 ''Alkali metals, pages 128-129, GCSE Chemistry, Pearson, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1292120193/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1292120193&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=572df39392fb4200db8391d98ae6314e ''Alkali metals, pages 242-243, GCSE Combined Science, Pearson Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Alkali metals, pages 40, 49, 210-212, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel  '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Group 1, pages 20, 73, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Group 1, pages 40, 49, 210-212, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel  '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Group 1, pages 83, 123, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel '']
+====OCR====
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Alkali metals (Group 1 elements), pages 70, 71, 132-133, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Alkali metals, page 121, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR  '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Alkali metals, page 51, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR Gateway '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Group 1 elements, pages 70, 71, 132-133, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945695/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945695&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ceafcc80bcad6b6754ee97a0c7ceea53 ''Group 1, page 121, Gateway GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']
+:[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945679/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945679&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a2db42f7b4bdf10cafaafa3bb9120940 ''Group 1, page 51, Gateway GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, OCR '']