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Difference between revisions of "Chlorine"

(→‎About Chlorine)
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[[Chlorine]] is a [[Group 7]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 17.
 
[[Chlorine]] is a [[Group 7]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 17.
 
===About Chlorine===
 
===About Chlorine===
 +
====Molecular Structure====
 
: [[Chlorine]] has the [[Chemical Formula|chemical formula]] [[Chlorine| Cl<sub>2</sub>]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] has the [[Chemical Formula|chemical formula]] [[Chlorine| Cl<sub>2</sub>]].
 +
====Atomic Structure====
 
: [[Chlorine]] as 17 [[proton]]s and 18 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Atomic Number]] of 17 and an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 35.
 
: [[Chlorine]] as 17 [[proton]]s and 18 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Atomic Number]] of 17 and an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 35.
 +
: An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].
 +
: '''Chloride''' [[ion]]s gain 1 [[electron]] to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] and become [[Negative Charged|negatively charged]].
 +
====Properties====
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]].
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: [[Chlorine]] kills [[bacteria]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] kills [[bacteria]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a pale green coloured [[gas]] at [[STP|room temperature]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a pale green coloured [[gas]] at [[STP|room temperature]].
−
: An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].
+
 
−
: '''Chloride''' [[ion]]s gain 1 [[electron]] to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] and become [[Negative Charged|negatively charged]].
 
  
 
==Key Stage 4==
 
==Key Stage 4==
Line 21: Line 25:
 
[[Chlorine]] is a [[Group 2]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with 17 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]].
 
[[Chlorine]] is a [[Group 2]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with 17 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]].
 
===About Chlorine===
 
===About Chlorine===
 +
====Molecular Structure====
 
: [[Chlorine]] has the [[Chemical Formula|chemical formula]] [[Chlorine|Cl<sub>2</sub>]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] has the [[Chemical Formula|chemical formula]] [[Chlorine|Cl<sub>2</sub>]].
 +
====Atomic Structure====
 
: There are two [[Stable Isotope|stable isotopes]] of [[Chlorine]], one with 18 [[neutron]]s and the other with 20 [[neutron]]s. They occur in a [[ratio]] of roughly 3:1 so the [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of [[Chlorine]] is 35.5.
 
: There are two [[Stable Isotope|stable isotopes]] of [[Chlorine]], one with 18 [[neutron]]s and the other with 20 [[neutron]]s. They occur in a [[ratio]] of roughly 3:1 so the [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of [[Chlorine]] is 35.5.
−
====Calculating the Average Relative Atomic Mass====
 
−
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |[[Chlorine]] has two common [[Stable Isotope|stable]] [[Isotope]]s; [[Chlorine-35]] and [[Chlorine-37]].  [[Chlorine-35]] is three times more common than [[Chlorine-37]] so the ratio is 3:1. Find the [[Mean Average|average]] [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of [[Chlorine]].
 
| style="height:20px; width:600px; text-align:center;" |[[Chlorine]] has two common [[Stable Isotope|stable]] [[Isotope]]s; [[Chlorine-35]] and [[Chlorine-37]].  [[Chlorine-35]] is three times more common than [[Chlorine-37]] so the ratio is 3:1. Find the [[Mean Average|average]] [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of [[Chlorine]].
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So the [[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Chlorine]] is quoted as 35.5 on the [[Periodic Table]].
 
So the [[Relative Atomic Mass]] of [[Chlorine]] is quoted as 35.5 on the [[Periodic Table]].
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
+
: An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].
 +
: '''Chloride''' [[ion]]s gain 1 [[electron]] to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] and become [[Negative Charged|negatively charged]].
 +
====Properties====
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]].
Line 52: Line 58:
 
: [[Chlorine]] kills [[bacteria]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] kills [[bacteria]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a pale green coloured [[gas]] at [[STP|standard temperature and pressure]].
 
: [[Chlorine]] is a pale green coloured [[gas]] at [[STP|standard temperature and pressure]].
−
: An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].
+
 
−
: '''Chloride''' [[ion]]s gain 1 [[electron]] to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] and become [[Negative Charged|negatively charged]].
 
 
====Testing For Chlorine====
 
====Testing For Chlorine====
 
#Collect the [[gas]] in a [[Test Tube|test tube]].
 
#Collect the [[gas]] in a [[Test Tube|test tube]].
 
#Place a piece of [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] over the mouth of the [[Test Tube|test tube]].
 
#Place a piece of [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] over the mouth of the [[Test Tube|test tube]].
 
#If the [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] is [[bleach]]ed white then the [[gas]] is [[Chlorine]] or [[Fluorine]].
 
#If the [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] is [[bleach]]ed white then the [[gas]] is [[Chlorine]] or [[Fluorine]].

Revision as of 16:40, 31 March 2019

Key Stage 2

Meaning

Chlorine is a pale green gas.

Key Stage 3

Meaning

File:ChlorineSymbol.png
The chemical symbol for Chlorine.

Chlorine is a Group 7 element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 17.

About Chlorine

Molecular Structure

Chlorine has the chemical formula Cl2.

Atomic Structure

Chlorine as 17 protons and 18 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an Atomic Number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35.
An atom of Chlorine is missing one electron from having a full outer shell.
Chloride ions gain 1 electron to get a full outer shell and become negatively charged.

Properties

Chlorine is a more reactive Halogen than Bromine but less reactive than Fluorine.
Chlorine reacts strongly with Hydrogen to produce Hydrogen Chloride which dissolves in water to produce Hydrochloric Acid.
Chlorine is a strong bleaching agent.
Chlorine kills bacteria.
Chlorine is a pale green coloured gas at room temperature.


Key Stage 4

Meaning

Chlorine is a Group 2 element, on the Periodic Table, with 17 protons in the nucleus.

About Chlorine

Molecular Structure

Chlorine has the chemical formula Cl2.

Atomic Structure

There are two stable isotopes of Chlorine, one with 18 neutrons and the other with 20 neutrons. They occur in a ratio of roughly 3:1 so the atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.5.
Chlorine has two common stable Isotopes; Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37. Chlorine-35 is three times more common than Chlorine-37 so the ratio is 3:1. Find the average atomic mass of Chlorine.
1. State the known quantities.

Ratio: 3:1

3xChlorine-35 : 1xChlorine-37

2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.

To find the average\[Average=\frac{35+35+35+37}{4}\]

\(Average=\frac{35 \times 3 + 37 \times 1}{4}\)

\(Average=35.5\)

So the Relative Atomic Mass of Chlorine is quoted as 35.5 on the Periodic Table.

An atom of Chlorine is missing one electron from having a full outer shell.
Chloride ions gain 1 electron to get a full outer shell and become negatively charged.

Properties

Chlorine is a more reactive Halogen than Bromine but less reactive than Fluorine.
Chlorine reacts strongly with Hydrogen to produce Hydrogen Chloride which dissolves in water to produce Hydrochloric Acid.
Chlorine is a strong bleaching agent.
Chlorine kills bacteria.
Chlorine is a pale green coloured gas at standard temperature and pressure.

Testing For Chlorine

  1. Collect the gas in a test tube.
  2. Place a piece of litmus paper over the mouth of the test tube.
  3. If the litmus paper is bleached white then the gas is Chlorine or Fluorine.
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