Difference between revisions of "Carbon"
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+ | ==Key Stage 2== | ||
+ | ===Meaning=== | ||
+ | [[Carbon]] is a [[chemical]] that makes [[diamond]]s and [[graphite]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Key Stage 3== | ||
+ | [[File:CarbonSymbol1.png|right|300px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Carbon]].]] | ||
+ | [[File:C-12_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of a [[Carbon]] [[atom]] with 6 [[proton]]s and 6 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 6 [[electron]]s orbiting the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]].]] | ||
+ | ===Meaning=== | ||
+ | [[Carbon]] is a [[Group 4]] [[non-metal]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 6. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===About Carbon=== | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] has the [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] [[Carbon|C]]. | ||
+ | ====Molecular Structure==== | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] can form giant [[molecule]]s called [[graphite]] and [[diamond]]. | ||
+ | ====Atomic Structure==== | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] has 6 [[proton]]s and 6 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 6 and a [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 12. | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] is in [[Period]] 2 of the [[Periodic Table]] because it has 2 [[Electron Orbital|electron shells]]. | ||
+ | ====Properties==== | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] is [[solid]] at [[STP|room temperature]]. | ||
+ | |||
==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
+ | [[File:CKS4.PNG|right|200px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Carbon]].]] | ||
+ | [[File:C-12_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of the [[Bohr Model]] of a [[Carbon]]-12 [[isotope]] with 6 [[proton]]s and 6 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 2 [[electron]]s in the first [[Electron Orbital|shell]] and 4 in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
− | [[Carbon]] is | + | [[Carbon]] is a [[Group 4]] [[non-metal]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]] with 6 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. |
+ | |||
+ | ===About Carbon=== | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] has the [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] [[Carbon|C]]. | ||
+ | ====Molecular Structure==== | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] forms [[Covalent Bond|covalent bonds]] with other [[Carbon]] [[atom]]s to produce a [[Giant Covalent Structure|giant covalent structure]]. | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] is able to make long chains of [[atom]]s to produce [[compound]]s called [[polymer]]s. | ||
+ | There are several [[allotrope]]s of [[Carbon]] including: | ||
+ | *[[Graphite]] | ||
+ | *[[Diamond]] | ||
+ | *[[Graphene]] | ||
+ | *[[Fullerenes]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Examples=== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:DiamondStructure.png|center|150px]] | ||
+ | |[[File:GraphiteStructure.png|center|150px]] | ||
+ | |[[File:GrapheneStructure.png|center|150px]] | ||
+ | |[[File:FullereneStructure.png|center|150px]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Diamond]] is a [[Giant Covalent Structure|giant covalent structure]] where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 4 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Graphite]] has a [[Giant Covalent Structure|giant covalent structure]] with each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 3 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s in a layer with loose [[bond]]s between the layers. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Graphene]] has a [[Giant Covalent Structure|giant covalent structure]] where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 3 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s forming a layer that is one [[atom]] thick. | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:150px; text-align:center;" |[[Fullerene]]s have a [[Giant Covalent Structure|giant covalent structure]] where each [[Carbon]] [[atom]] has 3 bonds with [[adjacent]] [[atom]]s forming a [[sphere]]. | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | ====Atomic Structure==== | ||
+ | : The most common [[isotope]] of [[Carbon]] is [[Carbon-12]] which has 6 [[proton]]s and 6 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] is in [[Period]] 2 of the [[Periodic Table]] because it has 2 [[Electron Orbital|electron shells]]. | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] has 4 [[electron]]s in its [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] so it can form 4 [[bond]]s with other [[atom]]s. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Properties==== | ||
+ | : [[Carbon]] is [[solid]] at [[STP|room temperature]]. | ||
+ | : The different [[allotrope]] have different [[Melting Point|melting points]] and different [[Electrical Conductivity|electrical conductivity]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===References=== | ||
+ | ====AQA==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09738 ''Carbon, page 119, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''Carbon, page 287, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d66 ''Carbon, page 34, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Carbon, pages 49-51, 86, 88-89, 196, 223, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Edexcel==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Carbon, pages 24, 55, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Carbon, pages 71, 87, 117, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Carbon; extraction of metals, page 55, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Carbon; extraction of metals, pages 155, 156, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945725/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945725&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=694be7494de75af3349537d34e13f7f0 ''Carbon; giant covalent structures, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945741/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945741&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=30da4f2178da182547b62a7329d13b57 ''Carbon; giant covalent structures, page 87, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782948147/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782948147&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=f63dcd8345f4e49c717b39a228a36c7c ''Carbon; giant covalent structures, pages 62-64, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====OCR==== | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Carbon, pages 171, 174, 179, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Carbon; activated charcoal, page 198, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Carbon; metal extinction, pages 206-207, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Carbon; structures, pages 62-63, 74-75, 80, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] |
Latest revision as of 13:53, 19 February 2021
Contents
Key Stage 2
Key Stage 3
Meaning
Carbon is a Group 4 non-metal element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 6.
About Carbon
- Carbon has the chemical symbol C.
Molecular Structure
Atomic Structure
- Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an atomic number of 6 and a atomic mass of 12.
- Carbon is in Period 2 of the Periodic Table because it has 2 electron shells.
Properties
- Carbon is solid at room temperature.
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Carbon is a Group 4 non-metal element, on the Periodic Table with 6 protons in the nucleus.
About Carbon
- Carbon has the chemical symbol C.
Molecular Structure
- Carbon forms covalent bonds with other Carbon atoms to produce a giant covalent structure.
- Carbon is able to make long chains of atoms to produce compounds called polymers.
There are several allotropes of Carbon including:
Examples
Diamond is a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 4 bonds with adjacent atoms. | Graphite has a giant covalent structure with each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms in a layer with loose bonds between the layers. | Graphene has a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms forming a layer that is one atom thick. | Fullerenes have a giant covalent structure where each Carbon atom has 3 bonds with adjacent atoms forming a sphere. |
Atomic Structure
- The most common isotope of Carbon is Carbon-12 which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus.
- Carbon is in Period 2 of the Periodic Table because it has 2 electron shells.
- Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell so it can form 4 bonds with other atoms.
Properties
- Carbon is solid at room temperature.
- The different allotrope have different melting points and different electrical conductivity.
References
AQA
- Carbon, page 119, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Carbon, page 287, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Carbon, page 34, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Carbon, pages 49-51, 86, 88-89, 196, 223, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
Edexcel
- Carbon, pages 24, 55, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Carbon, pages 71, 87, 117, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Carbon; extraction of metals, page 55, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Carbon; extraction of metals, pages 155, 156, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel
- Carbon; giant covalent structures, page 24, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Carbon; giant covalent structures, page 87, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, Edexcel
- Carbon; giant covalent structures, pages 62-64, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, Edexcel