Difference between revisions of "Chlorine"
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====Molecular Structure==== | ====Molecular Structure==== | ||
: [[Chlorine]] has the [[Chemical Formula|chemical formula]] [[Chlorine|Cl<sub>2</sub>]]. | : [[Chlorine]] has the [[Chemical Formula|chemical formula]] [[Chlorine|Cl<sub>2</sub>]]. | ||
| + | : [[Chlorine]] [[atom]]s join together in a [[Covalent Bond|covalent bond]]. | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[File:ChlorineDotandCrossDiagram.png|center|400px]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[Dot and Cross Diagram|dot and cross diagram]] of a [[Chlorine]] [[molecule]]. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
====Atomic Structure==== | ====Atomic Structure==== | ||
: There are two [[Stable Isotope|stable isotopes]] of [[Chlorine]], one with 18 [[neutron]]s and the other with 20 [[neutron]]s. They occur in a [[ratio]] of roughly 3:1 so the [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of [[Chlorine]] is 35.5. | : There are two [[Stable Isotope|stable isotopes]] of [[Chlorine]], one with 18 [[neutron]]s and the other with 20 [[neutron]]s. They occur in a [[ratio]] of roughly 3:1 so the [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of [[Chlorine]] is 35.5. | ||
Revision as of 17:23, 31 March 2019
Contents
Key Stage 2
Meaning
Key Stage 3
Meaning
Chlorine is a Group 7 element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 17.
About Chlorine
Molecular Structure
- Chlorine has the chemical formula Cl2.
Atomic Structure
- Chlorine as 17 protons and 18 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an Atomic Number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35.
- An atom of Chlorine is missing one electron from having a full outer shell.
- Chloride ions gain 1 electron to get a full outer shell and become negatively charged.
Properties
- Chlorine is a more reactive Halogen than Bromine but less reactive than Fluorine.
- Chlorine reacts strongly with Hydrogen to produce Hydrogen Chloride which dissolves in water to produce Hydrochloric Acid.
- Chlorine is a strong bleaching agent.
- Chlorine kills bacteria.
- Chlorine is a pale green coloured gas at room temperature.
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Chlorine is a Group 2 element, on the Periodic Table, with 17 protons in the nucleus.
About Chlorine
Molecular Structure
- Chlorine has the chemical formula Cl2.
- Chlorine atoms join together in a covalent bond.
 |
| A dot and cross diagram of a Chlorine molecule. |
Atomic Structure
- There are two stable isotopes of Chlorine, one with 18 neutrons and the other with 20 neutrons. They occur in a ratio of roughly 3:1 so the atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.5.
| Chlorine has two common stable Isotopes; Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37. Chlorine-35 is three times more common than Chlorine-37 so the ratio is 3:1. Find the average atomic mass of Chlorine. |
| 1. State the known quantities.
Ratio: 3:1 3xChlorine-35 : 1xChlorine-37 |
| 2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
To find the average\[Average=\frac{35+35+35+37}{4}\] \(Average=\frac{35 \times 3 + 37 \times 1}{4}\) \(Average=35.5\) So the Relative Atomic Mass of Chlorine is quoted as 35.5 on the Periodic Table. |
- An atom of Chlorine is missing one electron from having a full outer shell.
- Chloride ions gain 1 electron to get a full outer shell and become negatively charged.
Properties
- Chlorine is a more reactive Halogen than Bromine but less reactive than Fluorine.
- Chlorine reacts strongly with Hydrogen to produce Hydrogen Chloride which dissolves in water to produce Hydrochloric Acid.
- Chlorine is a strong bleaching agent.
- Chlorine kills bacteria.
- Chlorine is a pale green coloured gas at standard temperature and pressure.
Testing For Chlorine
- Collect the gas in a test tube.
- Place a piece of litmus paper over the mouth of the test tube.
- If the litmus paper is bleached white then the gas is Chlorine or Fluorine.