Difference between revisions of "Chlorine"
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[[Chlorine]] is a pale green [[gas]]. | [[Chlorine]] is a pale green [[gas]]. | ||
==Key Stage 3== | ==Key Stage 3== | ||
+ | [[File:ChlorineSymbol1.png|right|300px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Chlorine]].]] | ||
+ | [[File:Cl-35_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of a [[Chlorine]] [[atom]] with 17 [[proton]]s and 18 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 17 [[electron]]s orbiting the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]].]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
− | |||
[[Chlorine]] is a [[Group 7]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 17. | [[Chlorine]] is a [[Group 7]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 17. | ||
===About Chlorine=== | ===About Chlorine=== | ||
Line 12: | Line 13: | ||
: [[Chlorine]] as 17 [[proton]]s and 18 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Atomic Number]] of 17 and an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 35. | : [[Chlorine]] as 17 [[proton]]s and 18 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Atomic Number]] of 17 and an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 35. | ||
: An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | : An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | ||
− | + | ||
====Properties==== | ====Properties==== | ||
+ | : [[Chlorine]] is a [[non-metal]] [[element]]. | ||
: [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]]. | : [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]]. | ||
: [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]]. | : [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]]. | ||
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: [[Chlorine]] kills [[bacteria]]. | : [[Chlorine]] kills [[bacteria]]. | ||
: [[Chlorine]] is a pale green coloured [[gas]] at [[STP|room temperature]]. | : [[Chlorine]] is a pale green coloured [[gas]] at [[STP|room temperature]]. | ||
− | |||
==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
+ | [[File:ClKS4.PNG|right|200px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Chlorine]].]] | ||
+ | [[File:Cl-35_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of the [[Bohr Model]] of a [[Chlorine]]-35 [[isotope]] with 17 [[proton]]s and 18 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 2 [[electron]]s in the first [[Electron Orbital|shell]], 8 in the second and 7 in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
− | [[Chlorine]] is a [[Group | + | [[Chlorine]] is a [[Group 7]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with 17 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. |
===About Chlorine=== | ===About Chlorine=== | ||
====Molecular Structure==== | ====Molecular Structure==== | ||
Line 59: | Line 62: | ||
|} | |} | ||
: An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | : An [[atom]] of [[Chlorine]] is missing one [[electron]] from having a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | ||
− | : '''Chloride''' [[ion]]s gain 1 [[electron]] to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] and become [[Negative | + | : '''Chloride''' [[ion]]s gain 1 [[electron]] to get a full [[Outer Shell|outer shell]] and become [[Negative Charge|negatively charged]]. |
+ | {| class="wikitable" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:ChlorineIonFormation.png|center|400px]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] showing the formation of a '''Chloride''' [[ion]]. | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
====Properties==== | ====Properties==== | ||
+ | : [[Chlorine]] is a [[non-metal]] [[element]]. | ||
: [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]]. | : [[Chlorine]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Halogen]] than [[Bromine]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Fluorine]]. | ||
: [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]]. | : [[Chlorine]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[Hydrogen]] to produce [[Hydrogen Chloride]] which [[dissolve]]s in [[water]] to produce [[Hydrochloric Acid]]. | ||
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#Place a piece of [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] over the mouth of the [[Test Tube|test tube]]. | #Place a piece of [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] over the mouth of the [[Test Tube|test tube]]. | ||
#If the [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] is [[bleach]]ed white then the [[gas]] is [[Chlorine]] or [[Fluorine]]. | #If the [[Litmus Paper|litmus paper]] is [[bleach]]ed white then the [[gas]] is [[Chlorine]] or [[Fluorine]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===References=== | ||
+ | ====AQA==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851346/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851346&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3ac654f4b0da781c49c855a1af4c92ea ''Chlorine, identification of, page 207, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Chlorine, page 61, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Chlorine, page 61, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359381/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359381&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=47c8d1ae58d8b3a5e2094cd447154558 ''Chlorine, pages 102, 109, 185, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Chlorine, pages 15, 44-5, 64-5, 96, 165, 326, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945598/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945598&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ad276ad49df77ab4b40ab4fd0fe09767 ''Chlorine, pages 153, 163, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945571/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945571&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=9e29fad914244909903e5e93f8a01d80 ''Chlorine, pages 88, 102, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1471851362/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1471851362&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=7d78d70a2044ee9982dae010c94af92a ''Chlorine, test for, pages 160, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/178294639X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=178294639X&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=51599bb45a2bfaf7c1b6a978b2ca2616 ''Chlorine; test for, page 203, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1782945962/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=1782945962&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=476bb5c8d1dfb5c08ac81b6d4d1c98d8 ''Chlorine; test for, page 257, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA ''] | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Chlorine; test, page 273, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====OCR==== | ||
+ | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Chlorine, pages 40, 57, 86, 146, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] |
Latest revision as of 14:01, 19 February 2021
Contents
Key Stage 2
Meaning
Key Stage 3
Meaning
Chlorine is a Group 7 element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 17.
About Chlorine
Molecular Structure
- Chlorine has the chemical formula Cl2.
Atomic Structure
- Chlorine as 17 protons and 18 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an Atomic Number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35.
- An atom of Chlorine is missing one electron from having a full outer shell.
Properties
- Chlorine is a non-metal element.
- Chlorine is a more reactive Halogen than Bromine but less reactive than Fluorine.
- Chlorine reacts strongly with Hydrogen to produce Hydrogen Chloride which dissolves in water to produce Hydrochloric Acid.
- Chlorine is a strong bleaching agent.
- Chlorine kills bacteria.
- Chlorine is a pale green coloured gas at room temperature.
Key Stage 4
Meaning
Chlorine is a Group 7 element, on the Periodic Table, with 17 protons in the nucleus.
About Chlorine
Molecular Structure
- Chlorine has the chemical formula Cl2.
- Chlorine atoms join together in a covalent bond.
A dot and cross diagram of a Chlorine molecule. |
Atomic Structure
- There are two stable isotopes of Chlorine, one with 18 neutrons and the other with 20 neutrons. They occur in a ratio of roughly 3:1 so the atomic mass of Chlorine is 35.5.
Chlorine has two common stable Isotopes; Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37. Chlorine-35 is three times more common than Chlorine-37 so the ratio is 3:1. Find the average atomic mass of Chlorine. |
1. State the known quantities.
Ratio: 3:1 3xChlorine-35 : 1xChlorine-37 |
2. Substitute the numbers into the equation and solve.
To find the average\[Average=\frac{35+35+35+37}{4}\] \(Average=\frac{35 \times 3 + 37 \times 1}{4}\) \(Average=35.5\) So the Relative Atomic Mass of Chlorine is quoted as 35.5 on the Periodic Table. |
- An atom of Chlorine is missing one electron from having a full outer shell.
- Chloride ions gain 1 electron to get a full outer shell and become negatively charged.
A diagram showing the formation of a Chloride ion. |
Properties
- Chlorine is a non-metal element.
- Chlorine is a more reactive Halogen than Bromine but less reactive than Fluorine.
- Chlorine reacts strongly with Hydrogen to produce Hydrogen Chloride which dissolves in water to produce Hydrochloric Acid.
- Chlorine is a strong bleaching agent.
- Chlorine kills bacteria.
- Chlorine is a pale green coloured gas at standard temperature and pressure.
Testing For Chlorine
- Collect the gas in a test tube.
- Place a piece of litmus paper over the mouth of the test tube.
- If the litmus paper is bleached white then the gas is Chlorine or Fluorine.
References
AQA
- Chlorine, identification of, page 207, GCSE Chemistry, Hodder, AQA
- Chlorine, page 61, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Chlorine, page 61, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Chlorine, pages 102, 109, 185, GCSE Chemistry; Third Edition, Oxford University Press, AQA
- Chlorine, pages 15, 44-5, 64-5, 96, 165, 326, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Chlorine, pages 153, 163, GCSE Combined Science; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Chlorine, pages 88, 102, GCSE Chemistry; The Revision Guide, CGP, AQA
- Chlorine, test for, pages 160, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy 2, Hodder, AQA
- Chlorine; test for, page 203, GCSE Combined Science Trilogy; Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Chlorine; test for, page 257, GCSE Chemistry, CGP, AQA
- Chlorine; test, page 273, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA