Difference between revisions of "Sodium"
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[[Sodium]] is a [[metal]]. | [[Sodium]] is a [[metal]]. | ||
==Key Stage 3== | ==Key Stage 3== | ||
| + | [[File:SodiumSymbol1.png|right|300px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Sodium]].]] | ||
| + | [[File:Na-23_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of a [[Sodium]] [[atom]] with 11 [[proton]]s and 12 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 11 [[electron]]s orbiting the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]].]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
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[[Sodium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 11. | [[Sodium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 11. | ||
===About Sodium=== | ===About Sodium=== | ||
| − | : [[Sodium]] has the [[Chemical | + | ====Molecular Structure==== |
| + | : [[Sodium]] has the [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] [[Sodium|Na]]. | ||
| + | : [[Sodium]] [[atom]]s join together in large numbers to form a giant [[metal]] [[molecule]]. | ||
| + | ====Atomic Structure==== | ||
: [[Sodium]] has 11 [[proton]]s and 12 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Atomic Number]] of 11 and an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 23. | : [[Sodium]] has 11 [[proton]]s and 12 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Atomic Number]] of 11 and an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 23. | ||
| + | : An [[atom]] of [[Sodium]] has only 1 [[electron]] in its [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | ||
| + | ====Properties==== | ||
: [[Sodium]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Alkali Metal|alkali metal]] than [[Lithium]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Potassium]]. | : [[Sodium]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Alkali Metal|alkali metal]] than [[Lithium]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Potassium]]. | ||
: [[Sodium]] is more [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Carbon]] on the [[Reactivity Series|reactivity series]] so it must be [[Extraction of Metals|extracted]] from its [[ore]] using [[electrolysis]]. | : [[Sodium]] is more [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Carbon]] on the [[Reactivity Series|reactivity series]] so it must be [[Extraction of Metals|extracted]] from its [[ore]] using [[electrolysis]]. | ||
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: [[Sodium]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[water]] to produce [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]] and [[Sodium Hydroxide]]. | : [[Sodium]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[water]] to produce [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]] and [[Sodium Hydroxide]]. | ||
: [[Sodium]] is a [[solid]] at [[STP|room temperature]]. | : [[Sodium]] is a [[solid]] at [[STP|room temperature]]. | ||
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==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
| + | [[File:NaKS4.PNG|right|200px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Sodium]].]] | ||
| + | [[File:Na-23_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of the [[Bohr Model]] of a [[Sodium]]-23 [[isotope]] with 11 [[proton]]s and 12 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 2 [[electron]]s in the first [[Electron Orbital|shell]], 8 in the second and 1 in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
[[Sodium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with 11 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. | [[Sodium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with 11 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. | ||
===About Sodium=== | ===About Sodium=== | ||
| − | : [[Sodium]] has the [[Chemical | + | ====Molecular Structure==== |
| + | : [[Sodium]] has the [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] [[Sodium|Na]]. | ||
| + | : [[Sodium]] [[atom]]s join together in a [[Giant Metallic Structure|giant metallic structure]]. | ||
| + | ====Atomic Structure==== | ||
: The most [[Stable Isotope|stable isotope]] of [[Sodium]] has 12 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 23. | : The most [[Stable Isotope|stable isotope]] of [[Sodium]] has 12 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 23. | ||
| + | : An [[atom]] of [[Sodium]] has only 1 [[electron]] in its [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | ||
| + | : [[Sodium]] [[ion]]s have lost an [[electron]] to become [[Positive Charge|positively charged]]. | ||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[File:SodiumIonFormation.png|center|400px]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | style="height:20px; width:200px; text-align:center;" |A [[diagram]] showing the formation of a [[Sodium]] [[ion]]. | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Properties==== | ||
: [[Sodium]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Alkali Metal|alkali metal]] than [[Lithium]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Potassium]]. | : [[Sodium]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Alkali Metal|alkali metal]] than [[Lithium]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Potassium]]. | ||
: [[Sodium]] is more [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Carbon]] on the [[Reactivity Series|reactivity series]] so it must be [[Extraction of Metals|extracted]] from its [[ore]] using [[electrolysis]]. | : [[Sodium]] is more [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Carbon]] on the [[Reactivity Series|reactivity series]] so it must be [[Extraction of Metals|extracted]] from its [[ore]] using [[electrolysis]]. | ||
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: [[Sodium]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[water]] to produce [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]] and [[Sodium Hydroxide]]. | : [[Sodium]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[water]] to produce [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]] and [[Sodium Hydroxide]]. | ||
: [[Sodium]] is a [[solid]] at [[STP|standard temperature and pressure]] with a [[Melting Point|melting point]] of 97.8 [[Degrees Celsius|°C]]. | : [[Sodium]] is a [[solid]] at [[STP|standard temperature and pressure]] with a [[Melting Point|melting point]] of 97.8 [[Degrees Celsius|°C]]. | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:58, 19 February 2021
Contents
Key Stage 2
Meaning
Key Stage 3
Meaning
Sodium is a Group 1 element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 11.
About Sodium
Molecular Structure
- Sodium has the chemical symbol Na.
- Sodium atoms join together in large numbers to form a giant metal molecule.
Atomic Structure
- Sodium has 11 protons and 12 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an Atomic Number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23.
- An atom of Sodium has only 1 electron in its outer shell.
Properties
- Sodium is a more reactive alkali metal than Lithium but less reactive than Potassium.
- Sodium is more reactive than Carbon on the reactivity series so it must be extracted from its ore using electrolysis.
- Sodium oxidises quickly in the presence of Oxygen so it must be stored in oil.
- Sodium reacts strongly with water to produce Hydrogen gas and Sodium Hydroxide.
- Sodium is a solid at room temperature.
Key Stage 4
A 2 dimensional representation of the Bohr Model of a Sodium-23 isotope with 11 protons and 12 neutrons in the nucleus and 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second and 1 in the outer shell.
Meaning
Sodium is a Group 1 element, on the Periodic Table, with 11 protons in the nucleus.
About Sodium
Molecular Structure
- Sodium has the chemical symbol Na.
- Sodium atoms join together in a giant metallic structure.
Atomic Structure
- The most stable isotope of Sodium has 12 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an atomic mass of 23.
- An atom of Sodium has only 1 electron in its outer shell.
- Sodium ions have lost an electron to become positively charged.
 |
| A diagram showing the formation of a Sodium ion. |
Properties
- Sodium is a more reactive alkali metal than Lithium but less reactive than Potassium.
- Sodium is more reactive than Carbon on the reactivity series so it must be extracted from its ore using electrolysis.
- Sodium oxidises quickly in the presence of Oxygen so it must be stored in oil.
- Sodium reacts strongly with water to produce Hydrogen gas and Sodium Hydroxide.
- Sodium is a solid at standard temperature and pressure with a melting point of 97.8 °C.