Difference between revisions of "Potassium"
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[[Potassium]] is a [[metal]]. | [[Potassium]] is a [[metal]]. | ||
==Key Stage 3== | ==Key Stage 3== | ||
| + | [[File:PotassiumSymbol1.png|right|300px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Potassium]].]] | ||
| + | [[File:K-39_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of a [[Potassium]] [[atom]] with 19 [[proton]]s and 20 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 19 [[electron]]s orbiting the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]].]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
| − | |||
[[Potassium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 19. | [[Potassium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with an [[Atomic Number|atomic number]] of 19. | ||
===About Potassium=== | ===About Potassium=== | ||
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==Key Stage 4== | ==Key Stage 4== | ||
| + | [[File:KKS4.PNG|right|200px|thumb|The [[Chemical Symbol|chemical symbol]] for [[Potassium]].]] | ||
| + | [[File:K-39_WK.PNG|right|200px|thumb|A 2 dimensional representation of the [[Bohr Model]] of a [[Potassium]]-39 [[isotope]] with 19 [[proton]]s and 20 [[neutron]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] and 2 [[electron]]s in the first [[Electron Orbital|shell]], 8 in the second, 8 in the third and 1 in the [[Outer Shell|outer shell]].]] | ||
===Meaning=== | ===Meaning=== | ||
[[Potassium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with 19 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. | [[Potassium]] is a [[Group 1]] [[element]], on the [[Periodic Table]], with 19 [[proton]]s in the [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]]. | ||
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: The most [[Stable Isotope|stable isotope]] of [[Potassium]] has 20 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 39. | : The most [[Stable Isotope|stable isotope]] of [[Potassium]] has 20 [[neutron]]s in its [[Atomic Nucleus|nucleus]] giving it an [[Relative Atomic Mass|atomic mass]] of 39. | ||
: An [[atom]] of [[Potassium]] has only 1 [[electron]] in its [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | : An [[atom]] of [[Potassium]] has only 1 [[electron]] in its [[Outer Shell|outer shell]]. | ||
| − | : [[Potassium]] [[ion]]s have lost an [[electron]] to become [[Positive | + | : [[Potassium]] [[ion]]s have lost an [[electron]] to become [[Positive Charge|positively charged]]. |
====Properties==== | ====Properties==== | ||
: [[Potassium]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Alkali Metal|alkali metal]] than [[Sodium]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Rubidium]]. | : [[Potassium]] is a more [[Reactivity|reactive]] [[Alkali Metal|alkali metal]] than [[Sodium]] but less [[Reactivity|reactive]] than [[Rubidium]]. | ||
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: [[Potassium]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[water]] to produce [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]] and [[Potassium Hydroxide]]. | : [[Potassium]] [[Chemical Reaction|reacts]] strongly with [[water]] to produce [[Hydrogen]] [[gas]] and [[Potassium Hydroxide]]. | ||
: [[Potassium]] is a [[solid]] at [[STP|standard temperature and pressure]] with a [[Melting Point|melting point]] of 63.5 [[Degrees Celsius|°C]]. | : [[Potassium]] is a [[solid]] at [[STP|standard temperature and pressure]] with a [[Melting Point|melting point]] of 63.5 [[Degrees Celsius|°C]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===References=== | ||
| + | ====AQA==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Potassium, pages 42-4, 134, 275, 285, 346, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Potassium; chloride, pages 44, 71, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Potassium; dichromate (VI), page 243, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Potassium; hydroxide, pages 148-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Potassium; iodide, page 115, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Potassium; oxide, page 35, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158762/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158762&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=a0fffa35b3ea49a63404f6704e0df7cc ''Potassium; sulphide, page 91, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0008158770/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0008158770&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=ec31595e720e1529e49876c3866fff6e ''Potassium-40, page 122, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA ''] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====OCR==== | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359829/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359829&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=90e8d7b4f039d53035238fa0320fe00b ''Potassium, pages 123, 132-133, 148, 196-198, 292, Gateway GCSE Chemistry, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
| + | :[https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0198359837/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1634&creative=6738&creativeASIN=0198359837&linkCode=as2&tag=nrjc-21&linkId=3c4229e8b023b2b60768e7ea2307cc6f ''Potassium, pages 174, Gateway GCSE Physics, Oxford, OCR ''] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:03, 19 February 2021
Contents
Key Stage 2
Meaning
Key Stage 3
Meaning
Potassium is a Group 1 element, on the Periodic Table, with an atomic number of 19.
About Potassium
Molecular Structure
- Potassium has the chemical symbol K.
- Potassium atoms join together in large numbers to form a giant metal molecule.
Atomic Structure
- Potassium has 19 protons and 20 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an Atomic Number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39.
- An atom of Potassium has only 1 electron in its outer shell.
Properties
- Potassium is a more reactive alkali metal than Sodium but less reactive than Rubidium.
- Potassium is more reactive than Carbon on the reactivity series so it must be extracted from its ore using electrolysis.
- Potassium oxidises quickly in the presence of Oxygen so it must be stored in oil.
- Potassium reacts strongly with water to produce Hydrogen gas and Potassium Hydroxide.
- Potassium is a solid at room temperature.
Key Stage 4
A 2 dimensional representation of the Bohr Model of a Potassium-39 isotope with 19 protons and 20 neutrons in the nucleus and 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, 8 in the third and 1 in the outer shell.
Meaning
Potassium is a Group 1 element, on the Periodic Table, with 19 protons in the nucleus.
About Potassium
Molecular Structure
- Potassium has the chemical symbol K.
- Potassium atoms join together in a giant metallic structure.
Atomic Structure
- The most stable isotope of Potassium has 20 neutrons in its nucleus giving it an atomic mass of 39.
- An atom of Potassium has only 1 electron in its outer shell.
- Potassium ions have lost an electron to become positively charged.
Properties
- Potassium is a more reactive alkali metal than Sodium but less reactive than Rubidium.
- Potassium is more reactive than Carbon on the reactivity series so it must be extracted from its ore using electrolysis.
- Potassium oxidises quickly in the presence of Oxygen so it must be stored in oil.
- Potassium reacts strongly with water to produce Hydrogen gas and Potassium Hydroxide.
- Potassium is a solid at standard temperature and pressure with a melting point of 63.5 °C.
References
AQA
- Potassium, pages 42-4, 134, 275, 285, 346, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Potassium; chloride, pages 44, 71, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Potassium; dichromate (VI), page 243, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Potassium; hydroxide, pages 148-9, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Potassium; iodide, page 115, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Potassium; oxide, page 35, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Potassium; sulphide, page 91, GCSE Chemistry; Student Book, Collins, AQA
- Potassium-40, page 122, GCSE Physics; Student Book, Collins, AQA