Difference between revisions of "Working Scientifically Key Stage 4"
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− | + | ==[[Scientific Enquiry]]== | |
− | + | ===Beginning an Enquiry=== | |
− | |||
*[[Hypothesis]] | *[[Hypothesis]] | ||
*[[Prediction]] | *[[Prediction]] | ||
− | |||
*[[Investigation]] | *[[Investigation]] | ||
*[[Experiment]] | *[[Experiment]] | ||
− | + | ===[[Variable]]s=== | |
− | + | *[[Independent Variable]] | |
− | + | *[[Dependent Variable]] | |
− | + | *[[Control Variable|Control]] | |
− | *[[Fair Test]] | + | *[[Categoric Variable]] |
− | + | *[[Discrete Variable]] | |
+ | *[[Continuous Variable]] | ||
+ | **[[Fair Test]] | ||
+ | ===Methodology=== | ||
*[[Diagram]] | *[[Diagram]] | ||
*[[Method]] | *[[Method]] | ||
*[[Observe|Observations]] | *[[Observe|Observations]] | ||
+ | **[[Read]] | ||
+ | **[[Measure]] | ||
+ | ====[[Scientific Evidence]]==== | ||
+ | *[[Valid]] | ||
+ | *[[Repeatable]] | ||
+ | *[[Reproducible]] | ||
+ | *[[Reliable]] | ||
+ | **[[Sample Size]] | ||
+ | *[[Accurate]] | ||
+ | **[[Calibration]] | ||
+ | *[[Precise]] | ||
+ | **[[Resolution]] | ||
+ | |||
====[[Results]]==== | ====[[Results]]==== | ||
*[[Table of Results]] | *[[Table of Results]] | ||
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*[[Data]] | *[[Data]] | ||
**[[Secondary Data]] | **[[Secondary Data]] | ||
+ | ====Data Handling==== | ||
+ | *[[Unit|Units]] | ||
+ | *[[SI Unit]]s | ||
+ | *[[Unit Prefix]]es | ||
+ | **[[Mega]] | ||
+ | **[[Kilo]] | ||
+ | **[[Centi]] | ||
+ | **[[Milli]] | ||
+ | **[[Micro]] | ||
+ | **[[Nano]] | ||
+ | *[[Converting Unit]]s | ||
+ | *[[Table of Results]] | ||
+ | *[[Experimental Error]]s | ||
+ | **[[Human Error]] | ||
+ | **[[Random Error]] | ||
+ | **[[Systematic Error]] | ||
+ | **[[Zero Error]] | ||
+ | *[[Range]] | ||
+ | *[[Uncertainty]] | ||
+ | *[[Anomaly]] | ||
+ | *[[Mean Average]] | ||
+ | *[[Significant Figure]]s | ||
====[[Conclusion]]s==== | ====[[Conclusion]]s==== | ||
+ | *[[Description]] | ||
+ | **[[Correlation]] | ||
+ | **[[Scientific Law]] | ||
+ | *[[Explanation]] | ||
+ | **[[Causation]] | ||
+ | **[[Scientific Theory]] | ||
*[[Evaluation]] | *[[Evaluation]] | ||
*[[Evidence]] | *[[Evidence]] | ||
**[[Anecdotal Evidence]] | **[[Anecdotal Evidence]] | ||
**[[Empirical Evidence]] | **[[Empirical Evidence]] | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
===Theories=== | ===Theories=== | ||
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*[[Scientific Paper]] | *[[Scientific Paper]] | ||
*[[Peer Review]] | *[[Peer Review]] | ||
+ | **[[Reproducible]] | ||
*[[Science in the Media]] | *[[Science in the Media]] | ||
*[[Bias]] | *[[Bias]] | ||
− | + | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
====[[Graph]]s==== | ====[[Graph]]s==== | ||
*[[Bar Chart]] | *[[Bar Chart]] | ||
+ | *[[Pie Chart]] | ||
*[[Line Graph]] | *[[Line Graph]] | ||
*[[Scatter Graph]] | *[[Scatter Graph]] | ||
**[[Line of Best Fit]] | **[[Line of Best Fit]] | ||
+ | ***[[Gradient]] | ||
+ | ***[[Linear]] | ||
+ | ***[[Proportional]] | ||
+ | ***[[Directly Proportional]] | ||
+ | ***[[Inversely Proportional]] | ||
**[[Correlation]] | **[[Correlation]] | ||
***[[Negative Correlation]] | ***[[Negative Correlation]] | ||
***[[Positive Correlation]] | ***[[Positive Correlation]] | ||
− | + | ==Quantities and Units== | |
− | + | ===Quantities=== | |
− | ==== | + | *[[Vector]]s |
+ | *[[Scalar]]s | ||
+ | ===[[Units]]=== | ||
+ | *[[SI Unit]]s | ||
*[[Mass]] | *[[Mass]] | ||
+ | **[[Ton]] | ||
**[[Kilogram]] | **[[Kilogram]] | ||
**[[Gram]]s | **[[Gram]]s | ||
+ | **[[Milligram]] | ||
+ | **[[Microgram]] | ||
+ | **[[Nanogram]] | ||
*[[Volume (Space)|Volume]] | *[[Volume (Space)|Volume]] | ||
**[[Metres Cubed]] | **[[Metres Cubed]] | ||
+ | **[[Decimetres Cubed]] | ||
**[[Centimetres Cubed]] | **[[Centimetres Cubed]] | ||
**[[Litre]]s | **[[Litre]]s | ||
**[[Millilitre]]s | **[[Millilitre]]s | ||
+ | *[[Density]] | ||
+ | **[[Grams per Centimetre Cubed]] | ||
+ | **[[Kilograms per Metre Cubed]] | ||
*[[Time]] | *[[Time]] | ||
+ | **[[Hour]]s | ||
+ | **[[Minute]]s | ||
**[[Second]]s | **[[Second]]s | ||
− | **[[ | + | **[[Millisecond]]s |
− | *[[Distance]] | + | **[[Microsecond]]s |
+ | **[[Nanosecond]]s | ||
+ | *[[Distance]], [[Displacement]], [[Wavelength]] | ||
+ | **[[Lightyear]] | ||
**[[Kilometre]]s | **[[Kilometre]]s | ||
**[[Metre]]s | **[[Metre]]s | ||
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**[[Millimetre]]s | **[[Millimetre]]s | ||
**[[Micrometre]]s | **[[Micrometre]]s | ||
+ | **[[Nanometre]]s | ||
+ | *[[Area]] | ||
+ | **[[Centimetres Squared]] | ||
+ | **[[Metres Squared]] | ||
+ | *[[Angle]] | ||
+ | **[[Degree]]s | ||
+ | *[[Speed]] and [[Velocity]] | ||
+ | **[[Miles per Hour]] | ||
+ | **[[Kilometres per Hour]] | ||
+ | **[[Metres per Second]] | ||
+ | *[[Acceleration]] | ||
+ | **[[Metres per Second per Second]] | ||
+ | *[[Moment]]s | ||
+ | **[[Newton Metre]]s | ||
+ | *[[Momentum]] | ||
+ | **[[Kilogram Metres per Second]] | ||
*[[Temperature]] | *[[Temperature]] | ||
**[[Degrees Celsius]] | **[[Degrees Celsius]] | ||
− | *[[Energy]] | + | **[[Kelvin]] |
− | **[[Joule]] | + | *[[Energy]] and [[Work Done]] |
+ | **[[Megajoule]]s | ||
+ | **[[Kilojoule]]s | ||
+ | **[[Joule]]s | ||
+ | **[[Millijoule]]s | ||
+ | *[[Power]] | ||
+ | **[[Megawatt]]s | ||
+ | **[[Kilowatt]]s | ||
+ | **[[Watt]]s | ||
+ | **[[Milliwatt]]s | ||
+ | *[[Charge]] | ||
+ | **[[Coulomb]]s | ||
+ | **[[Millicoulomb]]s | ||
+ | *[[Electrical Current]] | ||
+ | **[[Kiloamp]]s | ||
+ | **[[Amp]]s | ||
+ | **[[Milliamp]]s | ||
+ | **[[Microamp]]s | ||
+ | *[[Potential Difference]] | ||
+ | **[[Kilovolt]]s | ||
+ | **[[Volt]]s | ||
+ | **[[Millivolt]]s | ||
+ | **[[Microvolt]]s | ||
+ | *[[Electrical Resistance]] | ||
+ | **[[Megaohm]]s | ||
+ | **[[Kiloohm]]s | ||
+ | **[[Ohm]]s | ||
+ | **[[Milliohm]]s | ||
+ | *[[Radioactivity]] | ||
+ | **[[Becquerel]]s | ||
+ | *[[Radiation Dose]] | ||
+ | **[[Sievert]]s | ||
+ | **[[Millisievert]]s | ||
+ | **[[Microsievert]]s | ||
+ | *[[Force]] | ||
+ | **[[Meganewton]]s | ||
+ | **[[Kilonewton]]s | ||
+ | **[[Newton]]s | ||
+ | **[[Millinewton]]s | ||
+ | **[[Micronewton]]s | ||
+ | *[[Frequency]] | ||
+ | **[[Megahertz]] | ||
+ | **[[Kilohertz]] | ||
+ | **[[Hertz]] | ||
+ | *[[Magnetic Field Density]] | ||
+ | **[[Tesla]]s | ||
+ | **[[Millitesla]]s | ||
+ | *[[Mole]]s | ||
+ | **[[Mol]] | ||
*[[Concentration]] | *[[Concentration]] | ||
**[[Molarity]] | **[[Molarity]] | ||
+ | *[[Light Intensity]] | ||
+ | **[[Lux]] | ||
− | + | ==[[Equipment]]== | |
− | + | ===Measuring Equipment=== | |
*[[Measuring Cylinder]] | *[[Measuring Cylinder]] | ||
+ | *[[Burette]] | ||
*[[Pipette]] | *[[Pipette]] | ||
*[[Syringe]] | *[[Syringe]] | ||
*[[Ruler]] | *[[Ruler]] | ||
+ | *[[Protractor]] | ||
*[[Measuring Scale]] | *[[Measuring Scale]] | ||
+ | **[[Electronic Balance]] | ||
+ | **[[Weighing Scale]] | ||
*[[Timer|Stopwatch]] | *[[Timer|Stopwatch]] | ||
*[[Thermometer]] | *[[Thermometer]] | ||
− | + | **[[Infra-red Thermometer]] | |
− | + | *[[Datalogger]] | |
+ | **[[Light Gate]] | ||
+ | *[[Geiger Counter]] | ||
+ | *[[Newton Metre]] | ||
+ | *[[Ammeter]] | ||
+ | *[[Voltmeter]] | ||
+ | *[[Joulemetre]] | ||
+ | *[[Luxmetre]] | ||
+ | *[[pHmetre]] | ||
+ | ===Observation Equipment=== | ||
*[[Magnifying Glass]] | *[[Magnifying Glass]] | ||
*[[Microscope]] | *[[Microscope]] | ||
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**[[Agar]] | **[[Agar]] | ||
− | + | ===Experimental Equipment=== | |
*[[Bottle]] | *[[Bottle]] | ||
*[[Bottle and Dropper]] | *[[Bottle and Dropper]] | ||
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*[[Incubator]] | *[[Incubator]] | ||
*[[Water Bath]] | *[[Water Bath]] | ||
+ | *[[Immersion Heater]] | ||
*[[U-Shaped Tube]] | *[[U-Shaped Tube]] | ||
*[[Delivery Tube]] | *[[Delivery Tube]] | ||
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*[[Beaker]] | *[[Beaker]] | ||
*[[Conical Flask]] | *[[Conical Flask]] | ||
+ | *[[Funnel]] | ||
+ | *[[Filter]] | ||
*[[Bung]] | *[[Bung]] | ||
+ | *[[Glass Rod]] | ||
+ | *[[Spatula]] | ||
+ | *[[Condensing Tube]] | ||
*[[Buffer Solution]] | *[[Buffer Solution]] | ||
*[[Tweezers]] | *[[Tweezers]] | ||
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*[[Tongs]] | *[[Tongs]] | ||
*[[Test Tube Holder]] | *[[Test Tube Holder]] | ||
+ | *[[Oscillator]] | ||
+ | *[[Oscilloscope]] | ||
+ | *[[Reaction Vessel]] | ||
+ | *[[Inoculation Loop]] | ||
− | == | + | ==Risks, Hazards and Safety== |
+ | ===Risks=== | ||
*[[Risk]] | *[[Risk]] | ||
+ | ===Hazards=== | ||
*[[Hazard]] | *[[Hazard]] | ||
*[[Hazard Symbol]] | *[[Hazard Symbol]] | ||
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**[[Long Term Health Risk]] | **[[Long Term Health Risk]] | ||
**[[Dangerous to the Environment]] | **[[Dangerous to the Environment]] | ||
+ | **[[Explosive]] | ||
+ | **[[Oxidising Agent]] | ||
+ | **[[Compressed Gas]] | ||
+ | **[[Ionising Radiation]] | ||
+ | **[[Danger of Electrocution]] | ||
+ | **[[LASER Radiation]] | ||
**[[Biohazard]] | **[[Biohazard]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Safety=== | ||
+ | *[[Safety Equipment]] | ||
+ | **[[Safety Spectacles]] | ||
+ | **[[Safety Goggles]] | ||
+ | **[[Labcoat]]s | ||
+ | **[[Safety Glove]]s | ||
+ | **[[Tongs]] | ||
+ | **[[Test Tube Holder]] |
Revision as of 08:31, 21 March 2019
Scientific Enquiry
Beginning an Enquiry
Variables
- Independent Variable
- Dependent Variable
- Control
- Categoric Variable
- Discrete Variable
- Continuous Variable
Methodology
Scientific Evidence
Results
Data Handling
- Units
- SI Units
- Unit Prefixes
- Converting Units
- Table of Results
- Experimental Errors
- Range
- Uncertainty
- Anomaly
- Mean Average
- Significant Figures
Conclusions
Theories
- Theory
- Scientific Theory
- Model - limited range of applicability
Laws
Communicating Ideas
Graphs
Quantities and Units
Quantities
Units
- SI Units
- Mass
- Volume
- Density
- Time
- Distance, Displacement, Wavelength
- Area
- Angle
- Speed and Velocity
- Acceleration
- Moments
- Momentum
- Temperature
- Energy and Work Done
- Power
- Charge
- Electrical Current
- Potential Difference
- Electrical Resistance
- Radioactivity
- Radiation Dose
- Force
- Frequency
- Magnetic Field Density
- Moles
- Concentration
- Light Intensity
Equipment
Measuring Equipment
- Measuring Cylinder
- Burette
- Pipette
- Syringe
- Ruler
- Protractor
- Measuring Scale
- Stopwatch
- Thermometer
- Datalogger
- Geiger Counter
- Newton Metre
- Ammeter
- Voltmeter
- Joulemetre
- Luxmetre
- pHmetre
Observation Equipment
- Magnifying Glass
- Microscope
- Quadrat
- Pooter
- Sweepnet
- Pondnet
- Pitfall Trap
- Specimen Jar
- Petri Dish
- Growth Medium
Experimental Equipment
- Bottle
- Bottle and Dropper
- Indicator
- Incubator
- Water Bath
- Immersion Heater
- U-Shaped Tube
- Delivery Tube
- Test Tube
- Boiling Tube
- Beaker
- Conical Flask
- Funnel
- Filter
- Bung
- Glass Rod
- Spatula
- Condensing Tube
- Buffer Solution
- Tweezers
- Spotting Tile
- Heatproof Mat
- Tripod
- Gauze
- Bunsen Burner
- Evaporating Dish
- Crucible
- Mortar and Pestle
- Tongs
- Test Tube Holder
- Oscillator
- Oscilloscope
- Reaction Vessel
- Inoculation Loop