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(→‎Transport in Cells)
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[[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Biology Key Stage 4]]
 
[[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Biology Key Stage 4]]
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{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 
{| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Biology Exam Papers]]
 
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Biology Exam Papers]]
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|[[File:CellsLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Cell Biology]]
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|[[File:IconCellBiology.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Cell Biology]]
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|[[File:OrganisationLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Organisation]]
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|[[File:IconTransportSystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Transport Systems]]
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|[[File:HealthDiseaseandtheDevelopmentofMedicineLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines]]
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|[[File:IconHealthDiseaseandtheDevelopmentofMedicine.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Health, Disease and the Development of Medicine]]
 
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|[[File:IconCoordinationandControl.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Coordination and Control]]
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|[[File:PhotosynthesisLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Photosynthesis]]
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|[[File:IconPhotosynthesis.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Photosynthesis]]
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|[[File:EcosystemsLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Ecosystems]]
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|[[File:IconEcosystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Ecosystems]]
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[File:EvolutionInheritanceandVariationLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Evolution, Inheritance and Variation]]
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|[[File:IconInheritanceVariationandEvolution.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Inheritance, Variation and Evolution]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==Cell Biology==
 
==Cell Biology==
−
===[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]]===
+
===Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells===
−
====[[Eukaryotic Cell]]s====
+
====[[Prokaryotic Cell]]s====
 +
*[[Bacteria]]
 +
*[[Archae]]
 +
=====[[Organelle]]s=====
 +
*[[Loop of DNA]]
 +
*[[Plasmid]]s
 +
*[[Ribosome]]s
 +
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 +
*[[Bacterial Cell Wall]]
 +
*[[Flagellum]]
 +
====[[Eukaryotic Cell]]====
 
*[[Animal Cell]]
 
*[[Animal Cell]]
−
**[[Specialised Animal Cell]]
+
**[[Specialised Animal Cell]]s
−
**[[Stem Cell]]
 
 
*[[Plant Cell]]
 
*[[Plant Cell]]
−
**[[Specialised Plant Cell]]
+
**[[Specialised Plant Cell]]s
−
**[[Meristem]]
 
 
*[[Fungal Cell]]
 
*[[Fungal Cell]]
 
*[[Protist]]
 
*[[Protist]]
−
=====Cell Structure=====
+
=====[[Organelle]]s=====
−
*[[Cytoplasm]]
 
 
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 
*[[Cell Wall]]
 
*[[Cell Wall]]
−
*[[Ribosome]]
+
*[[Ribosome]]s
−
*[[Organelle]]s
 
−
**[[Nucleus]]
 
−
**[[Mitochondrion]]
 
−
**[[Chloroplast]]
 
−
**[[Permanent Vacuole]]
 
−
**[[Flagellum]]
 
−
 
 
−
====[[Prokaryotic Cell]]====
 
−
*[[Bacteria]]
 
−
=====Cell Structure=====
 
−
*[[Cytoplasm]]
 
−
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 
−
*[[Bacterial Cell Wall]]
 
−
*[[Slime Capsule]]
 
 
*[[Flagellum]]
 
*[[Flagellum]]
−
*[[Loop of DNA]]
+
=====[[Membrane Bound Organelle]]s=====
−
*[[Plasmid]]
+
*[[Cell Nucleus|Nucleus]]
−
*[[Ribosome]]
+
*[[Mitochondria]]
 +
*[[Chloroplast]]s
 +
*[[Permanent Vacuole]]
 +
====Microscopes====
 +
*[[Light Microscope]]
 +
*[[Electron Microscope]]
 +
====[[Culturing Micro-organisms]]====
 +
*[[Aseptic Technique]]
  
 +
===Growth and development of cells===
 
====[[Cell Cycle]]====
 
====[[Cell Cycle]]====
 
*[[Interphase]]
 
*[[Interphase]]
 
*[[Mitosis]]
 
*[[Mitosis]]
 
*[[Cytokinesis]]
 
*[[Cytokinesis]]
−
====[[Cell Division]]====
+
====[[Cell Differentiation]]====
−
*[[Mitosis]]
 
−
*[[Meiosis]]
 
 
*[[Stem Cell]]s
 
*[[Stem Cell]]s
−
*[[Differentiation (Biology)|Differentiation]]
+
**[[Embryonic Stem Cell]]s
−
 
+
**[[Adult Stem Cell]]s
−
===Observing Cells===
+
**[[Meristem]]
−
*[[Light Microscope]]
+
====[[Meiosis]]====
−
*[[Electron Microscope]]
+
*[[Gamete]]s
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Using a Microscope]]
+
*[[Chromosome]]
−
 
+
*[[Haploid]]
−
===Transport in Cells===
 
−
*[[Exchange Surface]]s
 
−
*[[Osmosis]]
 
−
*[[Active Transport]]
 
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue]]
 
  
−
===[[Enzyme]]s===
+
===Cell Metabolism===
 +
====[[Enzyme]]s====
 +
*[[Active Site]]
 
*[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]]
−
 
+
====[[Respiration]]====
−
===[[Respiration]]===
+
**[[Aerobic Respiration]]
−
*[[Aerobic Respiration]]
+
**[[Anaerobic Respiration]]
−
*[[Anaerobic Respiration]]
+
====Nutrients====
−
*[[Exercise#Exercise and Respiration|Exercise and Respiration]]
+
*[[Carbohydrate]]s
−
*[[Lactic Acid]]
+
**[[Monosaccharide|Simple Sugar]]s
−
 
+
**[[Polysaccharide|Complex Carbohydrate]]s
−
===Key Biological Molecules===
 
−
*[[Carbohydrate]]
 
 
*[[Protein]]
 
*[[Protein]]
−
*[[Nucleic Acid]]
+
**[[Amino Acid]]s
−
*[[Lipid]]
+
*[[Lipid]]s
 +
**[[Fatty Acid]]s
 +
**[[Glycerol]]
  
−
==Organisation==
+
==Transport systems==
−
*[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]]
+
===Transport in cells===
−
*[[Tissue]]s
+
*[[Diffusion]]
−
*[[Organ]]s
+
**[[Exchange Surface]]s
−
*[[Organ System]]s
+
*[[Osmosis]]
 +
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue]]
 +
*[[Active Transport]]
  
−
===Organ Systems in Animals===
+
===Transport systems in multicellular organisms===
 +
*[[Exchange Surface]]
 +
*[[Surface Area to Volume Ratio]]
 
====[[Digestive System]]====
 
====[[Digestive System]]====
 
*[[Mouth]]
 
*[[Mouth]]
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[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]]
  
−
====[[Circulatory System]]====
+
===Human circulatory system===
 +
*[[Circulatory System]]
 
*[[Heart]]
 
*[[Heart]]
 
**[[Atrium]]
 
**[[Atrium]]
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*[[Diaphragm]]
 
*[[Diaphragm]]
  
−
===Organ Systems in Plants===
+
===Transport systems in plants===
−
====Transport System====
+
*[[Root Hair Cell]]s
 
*[[Xylem Tissue]]
 
*[[Xylem Tissue]]
 
**[[Transpiration]]
 
**[[Transpiration]]
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**[[Translocation]]
 
**[[Translocation]]
  
−
==Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines==
+
==Health, disease and the development of medicines==
−
===[[Health]]===
+
===Health and Disease===
−
===[[Disease]]===
+
*[[Health]]
−
====[[Communicable Disease]]s====
+
*[[Disease]]
 +
===[[Communicable Disease|Communicable diseases]]===
 
*[[Pathogen]]s
 
*[[Pathogen]]s
 
**[[Pathogenic Bacteria]]
 
**[[Pathogenic Bacteria]]
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***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
 
***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
  
−
===[[Culturing Micro-organisms]]===
+
====[[Human Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s====
−
*[[Aseptic Technique]]
+
*[[Immune System]]
−
*[[Antiseptic]]
+
*[[White Blood Cell]]s
−
*[[Antibiotic]]
+
**[[Phagocyte]]
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Effects of Disinfectants and Antibiotics]]
+
**[[Lymphocyte]]
 +
**[[Antibody]]
 +
 
 +
''Higher''
 +
*''[[Monoclonal Antibody]]''
 +
**''[[Hybridoma]]''
 +
**''[[Antigen]]''
 +
 
 +
====[[Plant Disease]]s====
 +
*[[Plant Deficiency Disease]]s
 +
*[[Rose Blackspot]]
 +
*[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
 +
 
 +
====[[Plant Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s====
  
−
===[[Communicable Disease#Communication of Disease|Communication of Disease]]===
+
===Treating, curing and preventing disease===
 
====[[Preventing Infection]]====
 
====[[Preventing Infection]]====
 
*[[Hygiene]]
 
*[[Hygiene]]
 
*[[Vaccination]]
 
*[[Vaccination]]
 
*[[Quarantine]]
 
*[[Quarantine]]
−
 
+
====Treating infection====
−
===[[Non-communicable Disease]]s===
 
−
*[[Cancer]]
 
−
*[[Coronary Heart Disease]]
 
−
*[[Diabetes]]
 
−
====[[Risk Factor|Risk Factors in Disease]]====
 
−
*[[Smoking]]
 
−
*[[Alcohol (Drug)|Alcohol]]
 
−
*[[Obesity]]
 
−
*[[Ionising Radiation]]
 
−
*[[Pollution#Pollution and Disease|Pollution]]
 
−
 
 
−
====Reducing Chances of Disease====
 
−
*[[Exercise]]
 
−
*[[Balanced Diet]]
 
−
 
 
−
===[[Human Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s===
 
−
===[[Immune System]]===
 
−
*[[White Blood Cell]]s
 
−
**[[Phagocyte]]
 
−
**[[Lymphocyte]]
 
−
***[[Antibody]]
 
−
 
 
−
===[[Medicine]]===
 
−
====[[Drug]]====
 
 
*[[Antibiotic]]
 
*[[Antibiotic]]
 
*[[Antibacterial Medicine]]
 
*[[Antibacterial Medicine]]
 
*[[Antifungal Medicine]]
 
*[[Antifungal Medicine]]
 
*[[Antiviral Medicine]]
 
*[[Antiviral Medicine]]
−
*[[Vaccination]]
 
−
*[[Painkiller]]
 
−
*[[Monoclonal Antibody]]
 
−
**[[Hybridoma]]
 
−
**[[Antigen]]
 
  
 
====[[Medicine#Medicine Development|Medicine Development]]====
 
====[[Medicine#Medicine Development|Medicine Development]]====
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*[[Double Blind Trial]]
 
*[[Double Blind Trial]]
  
−
===[[Plant Disease]]s===
+
===Non-communicable diseases in humans===
−
*[[Plant Deficiency Disease]]s
+
*[[Non-communicable Disease]]
−
*[[Rose Blackspot]]
+
**[[Cancer]]
−
*[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
+
**[[Coronary Heart Disease]]
 +
***[[Stent]]
 +
***[[Pacemaker]]
 +
***[[Coronary Bypass]]
 +
**[[Diabetes]]
 +
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]
 +
====[[Risk Factor|Risk Factors in Disease]]====
 +
*[[Smoking]]
 +
*[[Alcohol (Drug)|Alcohol]]
 +
*[[Obesity]]
 +
*[[Ionising Radiation]]
 +
*[[Pollution#Pollution and Disease|Pollution]]
  
−
===[[Plant Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s===
+
====Reducing Chances of Disease====
 +
*[[Exercise]]
 +
*[[Balanced Diet]]
  
−
==Coordination and Control==
+
==Coordination and control==
 +
===Nervous coordination and control in humans===
 
===[[Nervous System]]===
 
===[[Nervous System]]===
 
*[[Central Nervous System]]
 
*[[Central Nervous System]]
Line 272: Line 271:
 
**[[Action Potential]]
 
**[[Action Potential]]
 
*[[Sensory Organ]]s
 
*[[Sensory Organ]]s
 +
**[[Eye]]
 +
***[[Eye#Defects of the Eye|Defects of the Eye]]
  
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors affecting Human Reaction Time]]
+
===Hormonal coordination and control in humans===
−
 
+
====[[Endocrine System]]====
−
===[[Endocrine System]]===
 
 
*[[Endocrine Gland]]
 
*[[Endocrine Gland]]
 
**[[Pituitary Gland]]
 
**[[Pituitary Gland]]
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**[[Testis]]
 
**[[Testis]]
 
*[[Hormone]]s
 
*[[Hormone]]s
−
**[[Adrenalin]]
+
**''[[Adrenalin]] - Higher''
−
**[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]]
+
**''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] - Higher''
 
**[[Glucagon]]
 
**[[Glucagon]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
 
**[[Human Growth Hormone]]s
 
**[[Human Growth Hormone]]s
 
**[[Control Hormone]]s
 
**[[Control Hormone]]s
−
**[[Thyroxine]]
+
**''[[Thyroxine]] - Higher''
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
−
**[[Progesterone]]
+
**''[[Progesterone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]]
+
**''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Luteinising Hormone]]
+
**''[[Luteinising Hormone]] - Higher''
 
*[[Target Organ]]
 
*[[Target Organ]]
 +
*''[[Negative Feedback]] - Higher''
 
*[[Reproductive Hormone]]s
 
*[[Reproductive Hormone]]s
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
−
**[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]]
+
**''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Luteinising Hormone]]
+
**''[[Luteinising Hormone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Progesterone]]
+
**''[[Progesterone]] - Higher''
 
*[[Menstrual Cycle]]
 
*[[Menstrual Cycle]]
 
*[[Contraception]]
 
*[[Contraception]]
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**[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]]
 
**[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]]
  
−
===[[Homeostasis]]===
+
===Plant Hormones===
 +
*[[Plant Hormone]]s
 +
**[[Auxin]]
 +
**''[[Gibberellin]] - Higher''
 +
**''[[Ethene#Ethene as a Plant Hormone|Ethene]] - Higher''
 +
*[[Tropic Response]]s
 +
**[[Phototropism]]
 +
**[[Gravitropism]]
 +
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth]]
 +
 
 +
===Homeostasis in Humans===
 +
====[[Negative Feedback]]====
 +
====[[Homeostasis]]====
 
*[[Osmoregulation]]
 
*[[Osmoregulation]]
−
**[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]]
+
**''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] - Higher''
 
**[[Kidney]]s
 
**[[Kidney]]s
 +
***[[Nephron]]s
 +
**[[Urine]]
 +
**[[Urea]]
 
**[[Dialysis]]
 
**[[Dialysis]]
 
*[[Thermoregulation]]
 
*[[Thermoregulation]]
 +
**[[Skin]]
 +
***[[Vasodilation]]
 +
***[[Vasoconstriction]]
 
*[[Blood Glucose Regulation]]
 
*[[Blood Glucose Regulation]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
−
**[[Glucagon]]
+
**''[[Glucagon]] - Higher''
 
**[[Glycogen]]
 
**[[Glycogen]]
 
**[[Diabetes]]
 
**[[Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 1 Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 1 Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]
−
====[[Negative Feedback]]====
 
−
 
−
===[[Plant Hormones]]===
 
−
*[[Auxin]]
 
−
*[[Gibberellin]]
 
−
*[[Phototropism]]
 
−
*[[Gravitropism]]
 
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth]]
 
  
−
==[[Photosynthesis]]==
+
==Photosynthesis==
−
===[[Photosynthesis#Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis|Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]===
+
===Importance of photosynthesis===
−
 
+
*[[Photosynthesis]]
−
===[[Leaf|Adaptations for Photosynthesis]]===
+
*[[Photosynthesis#Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis|Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
 +
*[[Leaf|Adaptations for Photosynthesis]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
  
−
==[[Ecosystem]]s==
+
==Ecosystems==
−
===[[Trophic Level]]s===
+
===Levels of organisation within an ecosystem===
−
*[[Food Chain]]
+
*[[Organism]]
−
*[[Food Web]]
+
*[[Population]]
−
*[[Biomass]]
+
*[[Biological Community]]
−
**[[Pyramid of Biomass]]
+
*[[Habitat]]
−
 
+
*[[Ecosystem]]
−
===[[Environmental Factors]]===
 
 
*[[Abiotic Environmental Factors]]
 
*[[Abiotic Environmental Factors]]
 
*[[Biotic Environmental Factors]]
 
*[[Biotic Environmental Factors]]
−
**[[Biological Community]]
+
*[[Feeding Relationship]]s
−
**[[Population]]
+
**[[Predator]]
−
**[[Feeding Relationship]]s
+
**[[Prey]]
−
***[[Predator]]
+
**[[Producer]]s
−
***[[Prey]]
+
**[[Consumer]]s
−
***[[Producer]]s
+
**[[Parasite]]s
−
***[[Consumer]]s
+
**[[Mutualist]]s
−
***[[Parasite]]s
+
**[[Decomposer]]s
−
***[[Mutualist]]s
+
**[[Detrivore]]s
−
***[[Decomposer]]s
 
−
***[[Detrivore]]s
 
 
*[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]]
 
*[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]]
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Decay of Organic Material]]
+
*[[Interdependence (Biology)|Interdependence]]
 +
*[[Survival of the Fittest]]
  
−
===Material Cycling===
+
===The principle of material cycling===
 
*[[Water Cycle]]
 
*[[Water Cycle]]
 
*[[Carbon Cycle]]
 
*[[Carbon Cycle]]
 
*[[Nitrogen Cycle]]
 
*[[Nitrogen Cycle]]
 +
*[[Decompose (Biology)|Decomposition]]
 +
**[[Decomposer]]s
  
−
===[[Adaptation]]===
+
===Pyramids of biomass and transfer through trophic levels===
−
*[[Habitat]]
+
====[[Trophic Level]]s====
−
*[[Survival of the Fittest]]
+
*[[Food Chain]]
 +
*[[Food Web]]
 +
*[[Biomass]]
 +
**[[Pyramid of Biomass]]
  
−
===[[Biodiversity]]===
+
===Biodiversity===
 +
*[[Biodiversity]]
 
*[[Classification Key]]
 
*[[Classification Key]]
 
*[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]]
 
*[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]]
Line 377: Line 393:
 
**[[Transect]]
 
**[[Transect]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]]
−
 
 
===Human Effect on Ecosystems===
 
===Human Effect on Ecosystems===
 
*[[Nature Reserves]]
 
*[[Nature Reserves]]
Line 385: Line 400:
 
**[[Deforestation]]
 
**[[Deforestation]]
 
**[[Global Warming]]
 
**[[Global Warming]]
 +
===Some of the biological challenges of increasing food yields using fewer resources===
 
*[[Food Production]]
 
*[[Food Production]]
  
−
==Evolution, Inheritance and Variation==
+
==Inheritance, variation and evolution==
−
===[[Genetics]]===
+
===Reproduction===
−
*[[Gregor Mendel|Mendel]]
+
*[[Reproduction]]
 +
*[[Asexual Reproduction]]
 +
**[[Mitosis]]
 +
*[[Sexual Reproduction]]
 +
**[[Meiosis]]
 +
***[[Gamete]]
 +
***[[Haploid]]
 +
***[[Diploid]]
 +
*[[Mutation]]
 +
 
 +
===The genome and gene expression===
 +
====[[Genetics]]====
 
*[[Genome]]
 
*[[Genome]]
 +
 +
====[[Genotype]]====
 
*[[DNA]]
 
*[[DNA]]
 
**[[Nucleotide]]
 
**[[Nucleotide]]
 
**[[Gene]]
 
**[[Gene]]
−
***[[Gene Expression]]
+
***''[[Gene Expression]] - Higher''
−
***[[Protein Synthesis]]
+
***''[[Protein Synthesis]] - Higher''
 +
**''[[Coding DNA]] - Higher''
 +
**''[[Non-coding DNA]] - Higher''
 
*[[Chromosome]]
 
*[[Chromosome]]
  
−
===[[Genotype]]===
+
====[[Phenotype]]====
−
*[[Sex Determination]]
 
−
 
 
−
===[[Phenotype]]===
 
 
*[[Gene]]
 
*[[Gene]]
 
*[[Allele]]
 
*[[Allele]]
Line 409: Line 437:
 
**[[Heterozygous]]
 
**[[Heterozygous]]
  
−
===[[Variation]]===
+
===Inheritance===
−
===[[Inheritance]]===
+
*[[Inheritance]]
 
*[[Punnett Square]]
 
*[[Punnett Square]]
 
*[[Genetic Cross Diagram]]
 
*[[Genetic Cross Diagram]]
 +
*[[Pedigree Chart]]
 
*[[Inherited Disorder]]
 
*[[Inherited Disorder]]
 
**[[Polydactyly]]
 
**[[Polydactyly]]
 
**[[Sickle Cell Anemia]]
 
**[[Sickle Cell Anemia]]
 
**[[Cystic Fibrosis]]
 
**[[Cystic Fibrosis]]
−
====[[Reproduction]]====
+
*[[Sex Determination]]
−
*[[Asexual Reproduction]]
+
*[[Gregor Mendel|Mendel]]
−
**[[Mitosis]]
 
−
*[[Sexual Reproduction]]
 
−
*[[Meiosis]]
 
−
**[[Gamete]]
 
−
**[[Haploid]]
 
−
**[[Diploid]]
 
−
*[[Mutation]]
 
  
−
===[[Evolution by Natural Selection]]===
+
===Variation and evolution===
 +
*[[Variation]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Development of the Theory of Evolution|Development of the Theory of Evolution]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Development of the Theory of Evolution|Development of the Theory of Evolution]]
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Charles Darwin]]
 
*[[Charles Darwin]]
 
*[[Natural Selection]]
 
*[[Natural Selection]]
−
*[[Selective Breeding]]
 
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence for Evolution|Evidence for Evolution]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence for Evolution|Evidence for Evolution]]
Line 439: Line 461:
 
**[[Antibiotic Resistance]]
 
**[[Antibiotic Resistance]]
  
−
===[[Biological Classification|Classification]]===
+
====[[Biological Classification|Classification]]====
 
*[[Linnaeus Classification System]]
 
*[[Linnaeus Classification System]]
 
**[[Binomial Classification]]
 
**[[Binomial Classification]]
 
*[[Three Domain System]]
 
*[[Three Domain System]]
  
−
===[[Genetic Engineering]]===
+
===Selective breeding and gene technology===
−
*[[Cloning]]
+
*[[Selective Breeding]]
−
*[[Genetically Modified Organism]]
+
*[[Genetic Engineering]]
 +
**[[Cloning]]
 +
**[[Genetically Modified Organism]]
 +
***''[[Golden Rice]] - Higher''
 +
***''[[Insulin Production]] - Higher''

Revision as of 16:01, 25 June 2019

Main Page - Science Subject - Science Key Stage 4 - Biology Key Stage 4

GCSE Biology Exam Papers GCSE Biology Required Practicals
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IconInheritanceVariationandEvolution.png

Contents

Cell Biology

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic Cells

Organelles

Eukaryotic Cell

Organelles
Membrane Bound Organelles

Microscopes

Culturing Micro-organisms

Growth and development of cells

Cell Cycle

Cell Differentiation

Meiosis

Cell Metabolism

Enzymes

GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction

Respiration

Nutrients

Transport systems

Transport in cells

GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue

Transport systems in multicellular organisms

Digestive System

Digestion

GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests

Human circulatory system

Breathing System

Transport systems in plants

Health, disease and the development of medicines

Health and Disease

Communicable diseases

Human Defences Against Micro-Organisms

Higher

Plant Diseases

Plant Defences Against Micro-Organisms

Treating, curing and preventing disease

Preventing Infection

Treating infection

Medicine Development

Non-communicable diseases in humans

Risk Factors in Disease

Reducing Chances of Disease

Coordination and control

Nervous coordination and control in humans

Nervous System

Hormonal coordination and control in humans

Endocrine System

Plant Hormones

GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth

Homeostasis in Humans

Negative Feedback

Homeostasis

Photosynthesis

Importance of photosynthesis

GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis

Ecosystems

Levels of organisation within an ecosystem

The principle of material cycling

Pyramids of biomass and transfer through trophic levels

Trophic Levels

Biodiversity

GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat

Human Effect on Ecosystems

Some of the biological challenges of increasing food yields using fewer resources

Inheritance, variation and evolution

Reproduction

The genome and gene expression

Genetics

Genotype

Phenotype

Inheritance

Variation and evolution

Classification

Selective breeding and gene technology

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