Difference between revisions of "Biology Key Stage 4"
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[[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Biology Key Stage 4]] | [[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Biology Key Stage 4]] | ||
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| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Biology Exam Papers]] | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Biology Exam Papers]] | ||
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| − | |[[File: | + | |[[File:IconCellBiology.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Cell Biology]] |
| − | |[[File: | + | |[[File:IconTransportSystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Transport Systems]] |
| − | |[[File: | + | |[[File:IconHealthDiseaseandtheDevelopmentofMedicine.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Health, Disease and the Development of Medicine]] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[File: | + | |[[File:IconCoordinationandControl.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Coordination and Control]] |
| − | |[[File: | + | |[[File:IconPhotosynthesis.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Photosynthesis]] |
| − | |[[File: | + | |[[File:IconEcosystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Ecosystems]] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | |[[File: | + | |[[File:IconInheritanceVariationandEvolution.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Inheritance, Variation and Evolution]] |
|} | |} | ||
==Cell Biology== | ==Cell Biology== | ||
| − | ===[[Cell | + | ===Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells=== |
| − | ====[[Eukaryotic Cell]] | + | ====[[Prokaryotic Cell]]s==== |
| + | *[[Bacteria]] | ||
| + | *[[Archaea]] | ||
| + | =====[[Organelle]]s===== | ||
| + | *[[Loop of DNA]] | ||
| + | *[[Plasmid]]s | ||
| + | *[[Ribosome]]s | ||
| + | *[[Cell Membrane]] | ||
| + | *[[Bacterial Cell Wall]] | ||
| + | *[[Flagellum]] | ||
| + | ====[[Eukaryotic Cell]]==== | ||
*[[Animal Cell]] | *[[Animal Cell]] | ||
| − | **[[Specialised Animal Cell]] | + | **[[Specialised Animal Cell]]s |
| − | |||
*[[Plant Cell]] | *[[Plant Cell]] | ||
| − | **[[Specialised Plant Cell]] | + | **[[Specialised Plant Cell]]s |
| − | |||
*[[Fungal Cell]] | *[[Fungal Cell]] | ||
*[[Protist]] | *[[Protist]] | ||
| − | ===== | + | =====[[Organelle]]s===== |
| − | |||
*[[Cell Membrane]] | *[[Cell Membrane]] | ||
*[[Cell Wall]] | *[[Cell Wall]] | ||
| − | *[[Ribosome]] | + | *[[Ribosome]]s |
| − | *[[Organelle]]s | + | *[[Flagellum]] |
| − | + | =====[[Membrane Bound Organelle]]s===== | |
| − | + | *[[Cell Nucleus|Nucleus]] | |
| − | + | *[[Mitochondria]] | |
| − | + | *[[Chloroplast]]s | |
| − | **[[ | + | *[[Permanent Vacuole]] |
| + | ====Microscopes==== | ||
| + | *[[Light Microscope]] | ||
| + | *[[Electron Microscope]] | ||
| + | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Using a Microscope]] | ||
| − | ====[[ | + | ====[[Culturing Micro-organisms]]==== |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Aseptic Technique]] |
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| + | ===Growth and development of cells=== | ||
====[[Cell Cycle]]==== | ====[[Cell Cycle]]==== | ||
*[[Interphase]] | *[[Interphase]] | ||
*[[Mitosis]] | *[[Mitosis]] | ||
*[[Cytokinesis]] | *[[Cytokinesis]] | ||
| − | ====[[Cell | + | ====[[Cell Differentiation]]==== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
*[[Stem Cell]]s | *[[Stem Cell]]s | ||
| − | *[[ | + | **[[Embryonic Stem Cell]]s |
| − | + | **[[Adult Stem Cell]]s | |
| − | + | **[[Meristem]] | |
| − | *[[ | + | ====[[Meiosis]]==== |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Gamete]]s |
| − | [[ | + | *[[Chromosome]] |
| − | + | *[[Haploid]] | |
| − | |||
| − | *[[ | ||
| − | *[[ | ||
| − | *[[ | ||
| − | |||
| − | ===[[ | + | ===Cell Metabolism=== |
| + | ====[[Enzyme]]s==== | ||
| + | *[[Active Site]] | ||
*[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]] | *[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]] | ||
*[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]] | *[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]] | ||
*[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]] | *[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]] | ||
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]] | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]] | ||
| − | + | ====[[Respiration]]==== | |
| − | ===[[Respiration]]=== | ||
*[[Aerobic Respiration]] | *[[Aerobic Respiration]] | ||
*[[Anaerobic Respiration]] | *[[Anaerobic Respiration]] | ||
| + | **[[Lactic Acid]] | ||
*[[Exercise#Exercise and Respiration|Exercise and Respiration]] | *[[Exercise#Exercise and Respiration|Exercise and Respiration]] | ||
| − | *[[ | + | ====Nutrients==== |
| + | *[[Carbohydrate]]s | ||
| + | **[[Monosaccharide|Simple Sugar]]s | ||
| + | **[[Polysaccharide|Complex Carbohydrate]]s | ||
| + | *[[Protein]] | ||
| + | **[[Amino Acid]]s | ||
| + | *[[Lipid]]s | ||
| + | **[[Fatty Acid]]s | ||
| + | **[[Glycerol]] | ||
| + | *[[Nucleic Acid]]s | ||
| + | ==Transport systems== | ||
| + | ===Transport in cells=== | ||
| + | *[[Diffusion]] | ||
| + | **[[Exchange Surface]]s | ||
| + | *[[Osmosis]] | ||
| + | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue]] | ||
| + | *[[Active Transport]] | ||
| − | === | + | ===Transport systems in multicellular organisms=== |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Exchange Surface]] |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Surface Area to Volume Ratio]] |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | ==Organisation== | + | ====Organisation==== |
| + | *[[Organelle]]s | ||
*[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]] | *[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]] | ||
*[[Tissue]]s | *[[Tissue]]s | ||
*[[Organ]]s | *[[Organ]]s | ||
*[[Organ System]]s | *[[Organ System]]s | ||
| + | *[[Organism]] | ||
| − | |||
====[[Digestive System]]==== | ====[[Digestive System]]==== | ||
*[[Mouth]] | *[[Mouth]] | ||
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[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]] | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]] | ||
| − | ====[[Circulatory System]] | + | ===Human circulatory system=== |
| + | *[[Circulatory System]] | ||
*[[Heart]] | *[[Heart]] | ||
**[[Atrium]] | **[[Atrium]] | ||
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*[[Diaphragm]] | *[[Diaphragm]] | ||
| − | === | + | ===Transport systems in plants=== |
| − | + | *[[Root Hair Cell]]s | |
*[[Xylem Tissue]] | *[[Xylem Tissue]] | ||
**[[Transpiration]] | **[[Transpiration]] | ||
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**[[Translocation]] | **[[Translocation]] | ||
| − | ==Health, | + | ==Health, disease and the development of medicines== |
| − | ===[[Health]] | + | ===Health and Disease=== |
| − | + | *[[Health]] | |
| − | + | *[[Disease]] | |
| + | ===[[Communicable Disease|Communicable diseases]]=== | ||
*[[Pathogen]]s | *[[Pathogen]]s | ||
| − | **[[Pathogenic | + | **[[Pathogenic Bacteria]] |
***[[Salmonella]] | ***[[Salmonella]] | ||
***[[E.coli]] | ***[[E.coli]] | ||
***[[Gonorrhea]] | ***[[Gonorrhea]] | ||
| − | **[[Pathogenic Fungus|Fungi]] | + | **[[Pathogenic Fungus|Pathogenic Fungi]] |
***[[Thrush]] | ***[[Thrush]] | ||
***[[Rose Blackspot]] | ***[[Rose Blackspot]] | ||
| − | **[[Pathogenic | + | **[[Pathogenic Protist]] |
***[[Malaria]] | ***[[Malaria]] | ||
**[[Virus]]es | **[[Virus]]es | ||
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***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]] | ***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]] | ||
| − | ===[[ | + | ====[[Human Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s==== |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Immune System]] |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[White Blood Cell]]s |
| − | *[[ | + | **[[Phagocyte]] |
| − | [[ | + | **[[Lymphocyte]] |
| + | **[[Antibody]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''Higher'' | ||
| + | *''[[Monoclonal Antibody]]'' | ||
| + | **''[[Hybridoma]]'' | ||
| + | **''[[Antigen]]'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====[[Plant Disease]]s==== | ||
| + | *[[Plant Deficiency Disease]]s | ||
| + | *[[Rose Blackspot]] | ||
| + | *[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====[[Plant Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s==== | ||
| − | === | + | ===Treating, curing and preventing disease=== |
====[[Preventing Infection]]==== | ====[[Preventing Infection]]==== | ||
*[[Hygiene]] | *[[Hygiene]] | ||
| + | **[[Antiseptic]] | ||
*[[Vaccination]] | *[[Vaccination]] | ||
*[[Quarantine]] | *[[Quarantine]] | ||
| − | + | ====Treating infection==== | |
| − | === | ||
| − | |||
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| − | |||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*[[Antibiotic]] | *[[Antibiotic]] | ||
*[[Antibacterial Medicine]] | *[[Antibacterial Medicine]] | ||
*[[Antifungal Medicine]] | *[[Antifungal Medicine]] | ||
*[[Antiviral Medicine]] | *[[Antiviral Medicine]] | ||
| − | + | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Effects of Disinfectants and Antibiotics]] | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
====[[Medicine#Medicine Development|Medicine Development]]==== | ====[[Medicine#Medicine Development|Medicine Development]]==== | ||
| + | *[[Medicine]] | ||
| + | **[[Drug]] | ||
*[[Preclinical Testing]] | *[[Preclinical Testing]] | ||
*[[Clinical Trial]] | *[[Clinical Trial]] | ||
| Line 250: | Line 252: | ||
*[[Double Blind Trial]] | *[[Double Blind Trial]] | ||
| − | ===[[ | + | ===Non-communicable diseases in humans=== |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Non-communicable Disease]] |
| − | *[[ | + | **[[Cancer]] |
| − | *[[ | + | **[[Coronary Heart Disease]] |
| + | ***[[Stent]] | ||
| + | ***[[Pacemaker]] | ||
| + | ***[[Coronary Bypass]] | ||
| + | **[[Diabetes]] | ||
| + | ***[[Type 2 Diabetes]] | ||
| + | ====[[Risk Factor|Risk Factors in Disease]]==== | ||
| + | *[[Smoking]] | ||
| + | *[[Alcohol (Drug)|Alcohol]] | ||
| + | *[[Obesity]] | ||
| + | *[[Ionising Radiation]] | ||
| + | *[[Pollution#Pollution and Disease|Pollution]] | ||
| − | ===[[ | + | ====Reducing Chances of Disease==== |
| + | *[[Exercise]] | ||
| + | *[[Balanced Diet]] | ||
| − | ==Coordination and | + | ==Coordination and control== |
| + | ===Nervous coordination and control in humans=== | ||
===[[Nervous System]]=== | ===[[Nervous System]]=== | ||
*[[Central Nervous System]] | *[[Central Nervous System]] | ||
| Line 271: | Line 287: | ||
*[[Reflex Arc]] | *[[Reflex Arc]] | ||
**[[Action Potential]] | **[[Action Potential]] | ||
| + | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors affecting Human Reaction Time]] | ||
*[[Sensory Organ]]s | *[[Sensory Organ]]s | ||
| + | **[[Eye]] | ||
| + | ***[[Eye#Defects of the Eye|Defects of the Eye]] | ||
| + | *[[Drug]]s | ||
| − | + | ===Hormonal coordination and control in humans=== | |
| − | + | ====[[Endocrine System]]==== | |
| − | ===[[Endocrine System]]=== | ||
*[[Endocrine Gland]] | *[[Endocrine Gland]] | ||
**[[Pituitary Gland]] | **[[Pituitary Gland]] | ||
| Line 284: | Line 303: | ||
**[[Testis]] | **[[Testis]] | ||
*[[Hormone]]s | *[[Hormone]]s | ||
| − | **[[ | + | **''[[Adrenaline]] - Higher'' |
| − | **[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] | + | **''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] - Higher'' |
**[[Glucagon]] | **[[Glucagon]] | ||
**[[Insulin]] | **[[Insulin]] | ||
**[[Human Growth Hormone]]s | **[[Human Growth Hormone]]s | ||
**[[Control Hormone]]s | **[[Control Hormone]]s | ||
| − | **[[Thyroxine]] | + | **''[[Thyroxine]] - Higher'' |
**[[Testosterone]] | **[[Testosterone]] | ||
**[[Oestrogen]] | **[[Oestrogen]] | ||
| − | **[[Progesterone]] | + | **''[[Progesterone]] - Higher'' |
| − | **[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] | + | **''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] - Higher'' |
| − | **[[Luteinising Hormone]] | + | **''[[Luteinising Hormone]] - Higher'' |
*[[Target Organ]] | *[[Target Organ]] | ||
| + | *''[[Negative Feedback]] - Higher'' | ||
*[[Reproductive Hormone]]s | *[[Reproductive Hormone]]s | ||
**[[Testosterone]] | **[[Testosterone]] | ||
**[[Oestrogen]] | **[[Oestrogen]] | ||
| − | **[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] | + | **''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] - Higher'' |
| − | **[[Luteinising Hormone]] | + | **''[[Luteinising Hormone]] - Higher'' |
| − | **[[Progesterone]] | + | **''[[Progesterone]] - Higher'' |
*[[Menstrual Cycle]] | *[[Menstrual Cycle]] | ||
*[[Contraception]] | *[[Contraception]] | ||
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**[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]] | **[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]] | ||
| − | ===[[Homeostasis]]=== | + | ===Plant Hormones=== |
| + | *[[Plant Hormone]]s | ||
| + | **[[Auxin]] | ||
| + | **''[[Gibberellin]] - Higher'' | ||
| + | **''[[Ethene#Ethene as a Plant Hormone|Ethene]] - Higher'' | ||
| + | *[[Tropic Response]]s | ||
| + | **[[Phototropism]] | ||
| + | **[[Gravitropism]] | ||
| + | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Homeostasis in Humans=== | ||
| + | ====[[Negative Feedback]]==== | ||
| + | ====[[Homeostasis]]==== | ||
*[[Osmoregulation]] | *[[Osmoregulation]] | ||
| − | **[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] | + | **''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] - Higher'' |
**[[Kidney]]s | **[[Kidney]]s | ||
| + | ***[[Nephron]]s | ||
| + | **[[Urine]] | ||
| + | **[[Urea]] | ||
**[[Dialysis]] | **[[Dialysis]] | ||
*[[Thermoregulation]] | *[[Thermoregulation]] | ||
| + | **[[Skin]] | ||
| + | ***[[Vasodilation]] | ||
| + | ***[[Vasoconstriction]] | ||
*[[Blood Glucose Regulation]] | *[[Blood Glucose Regulation]] | ||
**[[Insulin]] | **[[Insulin]] | ||
| − | **[[Glucagon]] | + | **''[[Glucagon]] - Higher'' |
**[[Glycogen]] | **[[Glycogen]] | ||
**[[Diabetes]] | **[[Diabetes]] | ||
***[[Type 1 Diabetes]] | ***[[Type 1 Diabetes]] | ||
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]] | ***[[Type 2 Diabetes]] | ||
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| − | == | + | ==Photosynthesis== |
| − | ===[[Photosynthesis#Rate of Photosynthesis|Rate of Photosynthesis]] | + | ===Importance of photosynthesis=== |
| − | + | *[[Photosynthesis]] | |
| + | *[[Photosynthesis#Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis|Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]] | ||
| + | *[[Leaf|Adaptations for Photosynthesis]] | ||
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]] | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]] | ||
| − | == | + | ==Ecosystems== |
| − | === | + | ===Levels of organisation within an ecosystem=== |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Organism]] |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Population]] |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Biological Community]] |
| − | + | *[[Habitat]] | |
| − | + | *[[Ecosystem]] | |
| − | + | *[[Environmental Factors]] | |
| − | *[[ | + | **[[Abiotic Environmental Factors]] |
| − | *[[ | + | **[[Biotic Environmental Factors]] |
| − | **[[ | + | *[[Feeding Relationship]]s |
| − | + | **[[Predator]] | |
| − | + | **[[Prey]] | |
| − | + | **[[Producer]]s | |
| − | + | **[[Consumer]]s | |
| − | + | **[[Parasite]]s | |
| − | + | **[[Mutualist]]s | |
| − | + | **[[Decomposer]]s | |
| − | + | **[[Detrivore]]s | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
*[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]] | *[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]] | ||
| − | [[ | + | *[[Interdependence (Biology)|Interdependence]] |
| + | *[[Survival of the Fittest]] | ||
| − | === | + | ===The principle of material cycling=== |
*[[Water Cycle]] | *[[Water Cycle]] | ||
*[[Carbon Cycle]] | *[[Carbon Cycle]] | ||
*[[Nitrogen Cycle]] | *[[Nitrogen Cycle]] | ||
| + | *[[Decompose (Biology)|Decomposition]] | ||
| + | **[[Decomposer]]s | ||
| + | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Decay of Organic Material]] | ||
| − | ===[[ | + | ===Pyramids of biomass and transfer through trophic levels=== |
| − | *[[ | + | ====[[Trophic Level]]s==== |
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Food Chain]] |
| + | *[[Food Web]] | ||
| + | *[[Biomass]] | ||
| + | **[[Pyramid of Biomass]] | ||
| − | ===[[Biodiversity]] | + | ===Biodiversity=== |
| + | *[[Adaptation]] | ||
| + | *[[Biodiversity]] | ||
*[[Classification Key]] | *[[Classification Key]] | ||
*[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]] | *[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]] | ||
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**[[Transect]] | **[[Transect]] | ||
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]] | [[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]] | ||
| − | |||
===Human Effect on Ecosystems=== | ===Human Effect on Ecosystems=== | ||
*[[Nature Reserves]] | *[[Nature Reserves]] | ||
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**[[Deforestation]] | **[[Deforestation]] | ||
**[[Global Warming]] | **[[Global Warming]] | ||
| + | ===Some of the biological challenges of increasing food yields using fewer resources=== | ||
*[[Food Production]] | *[[Food Production]] | ||
| − | == | + | ==Inheritance, variation and evolution== |
| − | ===[[ | + | ===Reproduction=== |
| − | + | *[[Reproduction]] | |
| + | *[[Asexual Reproduction]] | ||
| + | **[[Mitosis]] | ||
| + | *[[Sexual Reproduction]] | ||
| + | **[[Meiosis]] | ||
| + | ***[[Gamete]] | ||
| + | ***[[Haploid]] | ||
| + | ***[[Diploid]] | ||
| + | *[[Mutation]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===The genome and gene expression=== | ||
| + | ====[[Genetics]]==== | ||
*[[Genome]] | *[[Genome]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====[[Genotype]]==== | ||
*[[DNA]] | *[[DNA]] | ||
**[[Nucleotide]] | **[[Nucleotide]] | ||
| + | **[[Nucleic Acid]] | ||
**[[Gene]] | **[[Gene]] | ||
| − | ***[[Gene Expression]] | + | ***''[[Gene Expression]] - Higher'' |
| − | ***[[Protein Synthesis]] | + | ***''[[Protein Synthesis]] - Higher'' |
| + | **''[[Coding DNA]] - Higher'' | ||
| + | **''[[Non-coding DNA]] - Higher'' | ||
*[[Chromosome]] | *[[Chromosome]] | ||
| − | === | + | ====[[Phenotype]]==== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*[[Gene]] | *[[Gene]] | ||
*[[Allele]] | *[[Allele]] | ||
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**[[Heterozygous]] | **[[Heterozygous]] | ||
| − | === | + | ===Inheritance=== |
| − | + | *[[Inheritance]] | |
*[[Punnett Square]] | *[[Punnett Square]] | ||
*[[Genetic Cross Diagram]] | *[[Genetic Cross Diagram]] | ||
| + | *[[Pedigree Chart]] | ||
*[[Inherited Disorder]] | *[[Inherited Disorder]] | ||
**[[Polydactyly]] | **[[Polydactyly]] | ||
**[[Sickle Cell Anemia]] | **[[Sickle Cell Anemia]] | ||
**[[Cystic Fibrosis]] | **[[Cystic Fibrosis]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Sex Determination]] | |
| − | + | *[[Gregor Mendel|Mendel]] | |
| − | |||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | *[[ | ||
| − | ===[[Evolution by Natural Selection]] | + | ===Variation and evolution=== |
| + | *[[Variation]] | ||
| + | *[[Evolution by Natural Selection]] | ||
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Development of the Theory of Evolution|Development of the Theory of Evolution]] | *[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Development of the Theory of Evolution|Development of the Theory of Evolution]] | ||
*[[Speciation]] | *[[Speciation]] | ||
*[[Charles Darwin]] | *[[Charles Darwin]] | ||
*[[Natural Selection]] | *[[Natural Selection]] | ||
| − | |||
*[[Speciation]] | *[[Speciation]] | ||
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence for Evolution|Evidence for Evolution]] | *[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence for Evolution|Evidence for Evolution]] | ||
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**[[Antibiotic Resistance]] | **[[Antibiotic Resistance]] | ||
| − | ===[[Biological Classification|Classification]]=== | + | ====[[Biological Classification|Classification]]==== |
*[[Linnaeus Classification System]] | *[[Linnaeus Classification System]] | ||
**[[Binomial Classification]] | **[[Binomial Classification]] | ||
*[[Three Domain System]] | *[[Three Domain System]] | ||
| − | + | **[[Eukaryotic Cell]] | |
| − | ===[[Genetic Engineering]] | + | **[[Bacteria]] |
| − | *[[Cloning]] | + | **[[Archaea]] |
| − | *[[Genetically Modified Organism]] | + | ===Selective breeding and gene technology=== |
| + | *[[Selective Breeding]] | ||
| + | *[[Genetic Engineering]] | ||
| + | **[[Cloning]] | ||
| + | **[[Genetically Modified Organism]] | ||
| + | ***''[[Golden Rice]] - Higher'' | ||
| + | ***''[[Insulin Production]] - Higher'' | ||
Latest revision as of 18:44, 27 October 2019
Main Page - Science Subject - Science Key Stage 4 - Biology Key Stage 4
| GCSE Biology Exam Papers | GCSE Biology Required Practicals |
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Contents
- 1 Cell Biology
- 2 Transport systems
- 3 Health, disease and the development of medicines
- 4 Coordination and control
- 5 Photosynthesis
- 6 Ecosystems
- 7 Inheritance, variation and evolution
Cell Biology
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Organelles
Eukaryotic Cell
Organelles
Membrane Bound Organelles
Microscopes
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Using a Microscope
Culturing Micro-organisms
Growth and development of cells
Cell Cycle
Cell Differentiation
Meiosis
Cell Metabolism
Enzymes
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction
Respiration
Nutrients
Transport systems
Transport in cells
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue
Transport systems in multicellular organisms
Organisation
Digestive System
Digestion
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests
Human circulatory system
Breathing System
Transport systems in plants
Health, disease and the development of medicines
Health and Disease
Communicable diseases
Human Defences Against Micro-Organisms
Higher
Plant Diseases
Plant Defences Against Micro-Organisms
Treating, curing and preventing disease
Preventing Infection
Treating infection
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Effects of Disinfectants and Antibiotics
Medicine Development
Non-communicable diseases in humans
Risk Factors in Disease
Reducing Chances of Disease
Coordination and control
Nervous coordination and control in humans
Nervous System
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors affecting Human Reaction Time
Hormonal coordination and control in humans
Endocrine System
- Endocrine Gland
- Hormones
- Adrenaline - Higher
- Anti-diuretic Hormone - Higher
- Glucagon
- Insulin
- Human Growth Hormones
- Control Hormones
- Thyroxine - Higher
- Testosterone
- Oestrogen
- Progesterone - Higher
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone - Higher
- Luteinising Hormone - Higher
- Target Organ
- Negative Feedback - Higher
- Reproductive Hormones
- Testosterone
- Oestrogen
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone - Higher
- Luteinising Hormone - Higher
- Progesterone - Higher
- Menstrual Cycle
- Contraception
- Fertility Treatment
Plant Hormones
- Plant Hormones
- Auxin
- Gibberellin - Higher
- Ethene - Higher
- Tropic Responses
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth
Homeostasis in Humans
Negative Feedback
Homeostasis
Photosynthesis
Importance of photosynthesis
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis
Ecosystems
Levels of organisation within an ecosystem
- Organism
- Population
- Biological Community
- Habitat
- Ecosystem
- Environmental Factors
- Feeding Relationships
- Competition
- Interdependence
- Survival of the Fittest
The principle of material cycling
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Decay of Organic Material
Pyramids of biomass and transfer through trophic levels
Trophic Levels
Biodiversity
GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat
Human Effect on Ecosystems
Some of the biological challenges of increasing food yields using fewer resources
Inheritance, variation and evolution
Reproduction
The genome and gene expression
Genetics
Genotype
- DNA
- Nucleotide
- Nucleic Acid
- Gene
- Gene Expression - Higher
- Protein Synthesis - Higher
- Coding DNA - Higher
- Non-coding DNA - Higher
- Chromosome
Phenotype
Inheritance
- Inheritance
- Punnett Square
- Genetic Cross Diagram
- Pedigree Chart
- Inherited Disorder
- Sex Determination
- Mendel
Variation and evolution
- Variation
- Evolution by Natural Selection
- Development of the Theory of Evolution
- Speciation
- Charles Darwin
- Natural Selection
- Speciation
- Evidence for Evolution