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[[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Biology Key Stage 4]]
 
[[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Biology Key Stage 4]]
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| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Biology Exam Papers]]
 
| style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Biology Exam Papers]]
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|[[File:CellsLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Cell Biology]]
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|[[File:IconCellBiology.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Cell Biology]]
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|[[File:OrganisationLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Organisation]]
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|[[File:IconTransportSystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Transport Systems]]
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|[[File:HealthDiseaseandtheDevelopmentofMedicineLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines]]
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|[[File:IconCoordinationandControl.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Coordination and Control]]
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|[[File:PhotosynthesisLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Photosynthesis]]
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|[[File:IconPhotosynthesis.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Photosynthesis]]
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|[[File:EcosystemsLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Ecosystems]]
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|[[File:IconEcosystems.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Ecosystems]]
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[File:EvolutionInheritanceandVariationLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Evolution, Inheritance and Variation]]
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|[[File:IconInheritanceVariationandEvolution.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Biology Inheritance, Variation and Evolution]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==Cell Biology==
 
==Cell Biology==
−
===[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]]===
+
===Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells===
−
====[[Eukaryotic Cell]]s====
+
====[[Prokaryotic Cell]]s====
 +
*[[Bacteria]]
 +
*[[Archaea]]
 +
=====[[Organelle]]s=====
 +
*[[Loop of DNA]]
 +
*[[Plasmid]]s
 +
*[[Ribosome]]s
 +
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 +
*[[Bacterial Cell Wall]]
 +
*[[Flagellum]]
 +
====[[Eukaryotic Cell]]====
 
*[[Animal Cell]]
 
*[[Animal Cell]]
−
**[[Specialised Animal Cell]]
+
**[[Specialised Animal Cell]]s
−
**[[Stem Cell]]
 
 
*[[Plant Cell]]
 
*[[Plant Cell]]
−
**[[Specialised Plant Cell]]
+
**[[Specialised Plant Cell]]s
−
**[[Meristem]]
 
 
*[[Fungal Cell]]
 
*[[Fungal Cell]]
 
*[[Protist]]
 
*[[Protist]]
−
=====Cell Structure=====
+
=====[[Organelle]]s=====
−
*[[Cytoplasm]]
 
 
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 
*[[Cell Wall]]
 
*[[Cell Wall]]
−
*[[Ribosome]]
+
*[[Ribosome]]s
−
*[[Organelle]]s
+
*[[Flagellum]]
−
**[[Nucleus]]
+
=====[[Membrane Bound Organelle]]s=====
−
**[[Mitochondrion]]
+
*[[Cell Nucleus|Nucleus]]
−
**[[Chloroplast]]
+
*[[Mitochondria]]
−
**[[Permanent Vacuole]]
+
*[[Chloroplast]]s
−
**[[Flagellum]]
+
*[[Permanent Vacuole]]
 +
====Microscopes====
 +
*[[Light Microscope]]
 +
*[[Electron Microscope]]
 +
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Using a Microscope]]
  
−
====[[Prokaryotic Cell]]====
+
====[[Culturing Micro-organisms]]====
−
*[[Bacteria]]
+
*[[Aseptic Technique]]
−
=====Cell Structure=====
 
−
*[[Cytoplasm]]
 
−
*[[Cell Membrane]]
 
−
*[[Bacterial Cell Wall]]
 
−
*[[Slime Capsule]]
 
−
*[[Flagellum]]
 
−
*[[Loop of DNA]]
 
−
*[[Plasmid]]
 
−
*[[Ribosome]]
 
  
 +
===Growth and development of cells===
 
====[[Cell Cycle]]====
 
====[[Cell Cycle]]====
 
*[[Interphase]]
 
*[[Interphase]]
 
*[[Mitosis]]
 
*[[Mitosis]]
 
*[[Cytokinesis]]
 
*[[Cytokinesis]]
−
====[[Cell Division]]====
+
====[[Cell Differentiation]]====
−
*[[Mitosis]]
 
−
*[[Meiosis]]
 
 
*[[Stem Cell]]s
 
*[[Stem Cell]]s
−
*[[Differentiation (Biology)|Differentiation]]
+
**[[Embryonic Stem Cell]]s
−
 
+
**[[Adult Stem Cell]]s
−
===Observing Cells===
+
**[[Meristem]]
−
*[[Light Microscope]]
+
====[[Meiosis]]====
−
*[[Electron Microscope]]
+
*[[Gamete]]s
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Using a Microscope]]
+
*[[Chromosome]]
−
 
+
*[[Haploid]]
−
===Transport in Cells===
 
−
*[[Diffusion Across a Membrane]]
 
−
*[[Osmosis]]
 
−
*[[Active Transport]]
 
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue]]
 
  
−
===[[Enzyme]]s===
+
===Cell Metabolism===
 +
====[[Enzyme]]s====
 +
*[[Active Site]]
 
*[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#pH and Enzymes|pH and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Temperature and Enzymes|Temperature and Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]]
 
*[[Enzyme#Denaturation|Denaturing Enzymes]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Enzyme Rates of Reaction]]
−
 
+
====[[Respiration]]====
−
===[[Respiration]]===
 
 
*[[Aerobic Respiration]]
 
*[[Aerobic Respiration]]
 
*[[Anaerobic Respiration]]
 
*[[Anaerobic Respiration]]
 +
**[[Lactic Acid]]
 
*[[Exercise#Exercise and Respiration|Exercise and Respiration]]
 
*[[Exercise#Exercise and Respiration|Exercise and Respiration]]
−
*[[Lactic Acid]]
+
====Nutrients====
 +
*[[Carbohydrate]]s
 +
**[[Monosaccharide|Simple Sugar]]s
 +
**[[Polysaccharide|Complex Carbohydrate]]s
 +
*[[Protein]]
 +
**[[Amino Acid]]s
 +
*[[Lipid]]s
 +
**[[Fatty Acid]]s
 +
**[[Glycerol]]
 +
*[[Nucleic Acid]]s
 +
==Transport systems==
 +
===Transport in cells===
 +
*[[Diffusion]]
 +
**[[Exchange Surface]]s
 +
*[[Osmosis]]
 +
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Osmosis in Plant Tissue]]
 +
*[[Active Transport]]
  
−
===Key Biological Molecules===
+
===Transport systems in multicellular organisms===
−
*[[Carbohydrate]]
+
*[[Exchange Surface]]
−
*[[Protein]]
+
*[[Surface Area to Volume Ratio]]
−
*[[Nucleic Acid]]
 
−
*[[Lipid]]
 
  
−
==Organisation==
+
====Organisation====
 +
*[[Organelle]]s
 
*[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]]
 
*[[Cell (Biology)|Cells]]
 
*[[Tissue]]s
 
*[[Tissue]]s
 
*[[Organ]]s
 
*[[Organ]]s
 
*[[Organ System]]s
 
*[[Organ System]]s
 +
*[[Organism]]
  
−
===Organ Systems in Animals===
 
 
====[[Digestive System]]====
 
====[[Digestive System]]====
 
*[[Mouth]]
 
*[[Mouth]]
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[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Food Tests]]
  
−
====[[Circulatory System]]====
+
===Human circulatory system===
 +
*[[Circulatory System]]
 
*[[Heart]]
 
*[[Heart]]
 
**[[Atrium]]
 
**[[Atrium]]
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*[[Diaphragm]]
 
*[[Diaphragm]]
  
−
===Organ Systems in Plants===
+
===Transport systems in plants===
−
====Transport System====
+
*[[Root Hair Cell]]s
 
*[[Xylem Tissue]]
 
*[[Xylem Tissue]]
 
**[[Transpiration]]
 
**[[Transpiration]]
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**[[Translocation]]
 
**[[Translocation]]
  
−
==Health, Disease and the Development of Medicines==
+
==Health, disease and the development of medicines==
−
===[[Health]]===
+
===Health and Disease===
−
===[[Disease]]===
+
*[[Health]]
−
====[[Communicable Disease]]s====
+
*[[Disease]]
 +
===[[Communicable Disease|Communicable diseases]]===
 
*[[Pathogen]]s
 
*[[Pathogen]]s
 
**[[Pathogenic Bacteria]]
 
**[[Pathogenic Bacteria]]
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***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
 
***[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
  
−
===[[Culturing Micro-organisms]]===
+
====[[Human Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s====
−
*[[Aseptic Technique]]
+
*[[Immune System]]
−
*[[Antiseptic]]
+
*[[White Blood Cell]]s
−
*[[Antibiotic]]
+
**[[Phagocyte]]
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Effects of Disinfectants and Antibiotics]]
+
**[[Lymphocyte]]
 +
**[[Antibody]]
 +
 
 +
''Higher''
 +
*''[[Monoclonal Antibody]]''
 +
**''[[Hybridoma]]''
 +
**''[[Antigen]]''
 +
 
 +
====[[Plant Disease]]s====
 +
*[[Plant Deficiency Disease]]s
 +
*[[Rose Blackspot]]
 +
*[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
 +
 
 +
====[[Plant Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s====
  
−
===[[Communicable Disease#Communication of Disease|Communication of Disease]]===
+
===Treating, curing and preventing disease===
 
====[[Preventing Infection]]====
 
====[[Preventing Infection]]====
 
*[[Hygiene]]
 
*[[Hygiene]]
 +
**[[Antiseptic]]
 
*[[Vaccination]]
 
*[[Vaccination]]
 
*[[Quarantine]]
 
*[[Quarantine]]
−
 
+
====Treating infection====
−
===[[Non-communicable Disease]]s===
 
−
*[[Cancer]]
 
−
*[[Coronary Heart Disease]]
 
−
*[[Diabetes]]
 
−
====[[Risk Factor|Risk Factors in Disease]]====
 
−
*[[Smoking]]
 
−
*[[Alcohol (Drug)|Alcohol]]
 
−
*[[Obesity]]
 
−
*[[Ionising Radiation]]
 
−
*[[Pollution#Pollution and Disease|Pollution]]
 
−
 
 
−
====Reducing Chances of Disease====
 
−
*[[Exercise]]
 
−
*[[Balanced Diet]]
 
−
 
 
−
===[[Human Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s===
 
−
===[[Immune System]]===
 
−
*[[White Blood Cell]]s
 
−
**[[Phagocyte]]
 
−
**[[Lymphocyte]]
 
−
***[[Antibody]]
 
−
 
 
−
===[[Medicine]]===
 
−
====[[Drug]]====
 
 
*[[Antibiotic]]
 
*[[Antibiotic]]
 
*[[Antibacterial Medicine]]
 
*[[Antibacterial Medicine]]
 
*[[Antifungal Medicine]]
 
*[[Antifungal Medicine]]
 
*[[Antiviral Medicine]]
 
*[[Antiviral Medicine]]
−
*[[Vaccination]]
+
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Effects of Disinfectants and Antibiotics]]
−
*[[Painkiller]]
 
−
*[[Monoclonal Antibody]]
 
−
**[[Hybridoma]]
 
−
**[[Antigen]]
 
  
 
====[[Medicine#Medicine Development|Medicine Development]]====
 
====[[Medicine#Medicine Development|Medicine Development]]====
 +
*[[Medicine]]
 +
**[[Drug]]
 
*[[Preclinical Testing]]
 
*[[Preclinical Testing]]
 
*[[Clinical Trial]]
 
*[[Clinical Trial]]
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*[[Double Blind Trial]]
 
*[[Double Blind Trial]]
  
−
===[[Plant Disease]]s===
+
===Non-communicable diseases in humans===
−
*[[Plant Deficiency Disease]]s
+
*[[Non-communicable Disease]]
−
*[[Rose Blackspot]]
+
**[[Cancer]]
−
*[[Tobacco Mosaic Virus]]
+
**[[Coronary Heart Disease]]
 +
***[[Stent]]
 +
***[[Pacemaker]]
 +
***[[Coronary Bypass]]
 +
**[[Diabetes]]
 +
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]
 +
====[[Risk Factor|Risk Factors in Disease]]====
 +
*[[Smoking]]
 +
*[[Alcohol (Drug)|Alcohol]]
 +
*[[Obesity]]
 +
*[[Ionising Radiation]]
 +
*[[Pollution#Pollution and Disease|Pollution]]
  
−
===[[Plant Defences Against Micro-Organism]]s===
+
====Reducing Chances of Disease====
 +
*[[Exercise]]
 +
*[[Balanced Diet]]
  
−
==Coordination and Control==
+
==Coordination and control==
 +
===Nervous coordination and control in humans===
 
===[[Nervous System]]===
 
===[[Nervous System]]===
 
*[[Central Nervous System]]
 
*[[Central Nervous System]]
Line 271: Line 287:
 
*[[Reflex Arc]]
 
*[[Reflex Arc]]
 
**[[Action Potential]]
 
**[[Action Potential]]
 +
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors affecting Human Reaction Time]]
 
*[[Sensory Organ]]s
 
*[[Sensory Organ]]s
 +
**[[Eye]]
 +
***[[Eye#Defects of the Eye|Defects of the Eye]]
 +
*[[Drug]]s
  
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors affecting Human Reaction Time]]
+
===Hormonal coordination and control in humans===
−
 
+
====[[Endocrine System]]====
−
===[[Endocrine System]]===
 
 
*[[Endocrine Gland]]
 
*[[Endocrine Gland]]
 
**[[Pituitary Gland]]
 
**[[Pituitary Gland]]
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**[[Testis]]
 
**[[Testis]]
 
*[[Hormone]]s
 
*[[Hormone]]s
−
**[[Adrenalin]]
+
**''[[Adrenaline]] - Higher''
−
**[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]]
+
**''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] - Higher''
 
**[[Glucagon]]
 
**[[Glucagon]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
 
**[[Human Growth Hormone]]s
 
**[[Human Growth Hormone]]s
 
**[[Control Hormone]]s
 
**[[Control Hormone]]s
−
**[[Thyroxine]]
+
**''[[Thyroxine]] - Higher''
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
−
**[[Progesterone]]
+
**''[[Progesterone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]]
+
**''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Luteinising Hormone]]
+
**''[[Luteinising Hormone]] - Higher''
 
*[[Target Organ]]
 
*[[Target Organ]]
 +
*''[[Negative Feedback]] - Higher''
 
*[[Reproductive Hormone]]s
 
*[[Reproductive Hormone]]s
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Testosterone]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
 
**[[Oestrogen]]
−
**[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]]
+
**''[[Follicle Stimulating Hormone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Luteinising Hormone]]
+
**''[[Luteinising Hormone]] - Higher''
−
**[[Progesterone]]
+
**''[[Progesterone]] - Higher''
 
*[[Menstrual Cycle]]
 
*[[Menstrual Cycle]]
 
*[[Contraception]]
 
*[[Contraception]]
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**[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]]
 
**[[In Vitro Fertilisation|IVF]]
  
−
===[[Homeostasis]]===
+
===Plant Hormones===
 +
*[[Plant Hormone]]s
 +
**[[Auxin]]
 +
**''[[Gibberellin]] - Higher''
 +
**''[[Ethene#Ethene as a Plant Hormone|Ethene]] - Higher''
 +
*[[Tropic Response]]s
 +
**[[Phototropism]]
 +
**[[Gravitropism]]
 +
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth]]
 +
 
 +
===Homeostasis in Humans===
 +
====[[Negative Feedback]]====
 +
====[[Homeostasis]]====
 
*[[Osmoregulation]]
 
*[[Osmoregulation]]
−
**[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]]
+
**''[[Anti-diuretic Hormone]] - Higher''
 
**[[Kidney]]s
 
**[[Kidney]]s
 +
***[[Nephron]]s
 +
**[[Urine]]
 +
**[[Urea]]
 
**[[Dialysis]]
 
**[[Dialysis]]
 
*[[Thermoregulation]]
 
*[[Thermoregulation]]
 +
**[[Skin]]
 +
***[[Vasodilation]]
 +
***[[Vasoconstriction]]
 
*[[Blood Glucose Regulation]]
 
*[[Blood Glucose Regulation]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
 
**[[Insulin]]
−
**[[Glucagon]]
+
**''[[Glucagon]] - Higher''
 
**[[Glycogen]]
 
**[[Glycogen]]
 
**[[Diabetes]]
 
**[[Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 1 Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 1 Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]
 
***[[Type 2 Diabetes]]
−
====[[Negative Feedback]]====
 
−
 
−
===[[Plant Hormones]]===
 
−
*[[Auxin]]
 
−
*[[Gibberellin]]
 
−
*[[Phototropism]]
 
−
*[[Gravitropism]]
 
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Tropic Effects on Seedling Growth]]
 
  
−
==[[Photosynthesis]]==
+
==Photosynthesis==
−
===[[Photosynthesis#Factors Affecting Photosynthesis|Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]===
+
===Importance of photosynthesis===
−
 
+
*[[Photosynthesis]]
−
===[[Leaf|Adaptations for Photosynthesis]]===
+
*[[Photosynthesis#Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis|Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
 +
*[[Leaf|Adaptations for Photosynthesis]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis]]
  
−
==[[Ecosystem]]s==
+
==Ecosystems==
−
===[[Trophic Level]]s===
+
===Levels of organisation within an ecosystem===
−
*[[Food Chain]]
+
*[[Organism]]
−
*[[Food Web]]
+
*[[Population]]
−
*[[Biomass]]
+
*[[Biological Community]]
−
**[[Pyramid of Biomass]]
+
*[[Habitat]]
−
 
+
*[[Ecosystem]]
−
===[[Environmental Factors]]===
+
*[[Environmental Factors]]
−
*[[Abiotic Environmental Factors]]
+
**[[Abiotic Environmental Factors]]
−
*[[Biotic Environmental Factors]]
+
**[[Biotic Environmental Factors]]
−
**[[Biological Community]]
+
*[[Feeding Relationship]]s
−
**[[Population]]
+
**[[Predator]]
−
**[[Feeding Relationship]]s
+
**[[Prey]]
−
***[[Predator]]
+
**[[Producer]]s
−
***[[Prey]]
+
**[[Consumer]]s
−
***[[Producer]]s
+
**[[Parasite]]s
−
***[[Consumer]]s
+
**[[Mutualist]]s
−
***[[Parasite]]s
+
**[[Decomposer]]s
−
***[[Mutualist]]s
+
**[[Detrivore]]s
−
***[[Decomposer]]s
 
−
***[[Detrivore]]s
 
 
*[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]]
 
*[[Competition (Biology)|Competition]]
−
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Decay of Organic Material]]
+
*[[Interdependence (Biology)|Interdependence]]
 +
*[[Survival of the Fittest]]
  
−
===Material Cycling===
+
===The principle of material cycling===
 
*[[Water Cycle]]
 
*[[Water Cycle]]
 
*[[Carbon Cycle]]
 
*[[Carbon Cycle]]
 
*[[Nitrogen Cycle]]
 
*[[Nitrogen Cycle]]
 +
*[[Decompose (Biology)|Decomposition]]
 +
**[[Decomposer]]s
 +
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Decay of Organic Material]]
  
−
===[[Adaptation]]===
+
===Pyramids of biomass and transfer through trophic levels===
−
*[[Habitat]]
+
====[[Trophic Level]]s====
−
*[[Survival of the Fittest]]
+
*[[Food Chain]]
 +
*[[Food Web]]
 +
*[[Biomass]]
 +
**[[Pyramid of Biomass]]
  
−
===[[Biodiversity]]===
+
===Biodiversity===
 +
*[[Adaptation]]
 +
*[[Biodiversity]]
 
*[[Classification Key]]
 
*[[Classification Key]]
 
*[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]]
 
*[[Sampling (Biology)|Sampling]]
Line 377: Line 415:
 
**[[Transect]]
 
**[[Transect]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]]
 
[[GCSE Biology Required Practical: Measuring Population in a Habitat]]
−
 
 
===Human Effect on Ecosystems===
 
===Human Effect on Ecosystems===
 
*[[Nature Reserves]]
 
*[[Nature Reserves]]
Line 385: Line 422:
 
**[[Deforestation]]
 
**[[Deforestation]]
 
**[[Global Warming]]
 
**[[Global Warming]]
 +
===Some of the biological challenges of increasing food yields using fewer resources===
 
*[[Food Production]]
 
*[[Food Production]]
  
−
==Evolution, Inheritance and Variation==
+
==Inheritance, variation and evolution==
−
===[[Genetics]]===
+
===Reproduction===
−
*[[Gregor Mendel|Mendel]]
+
*[[Reproduction]]
 +
*[[Asexual Reproduction]]
 +
**[[Mitosis]]
 +
*[[Sexual Reproduction]]
 +
**[[Meiosis]]
 +
***[[Gamete]]
 +
***[[Haploid]]
 +
***[[Diploid]]
 +
*[[Mutation]]
 +
 
 +
===The genome and gene expression===
 +
====[[Genetics]]====
 
*[[Genome]]
 
*[[Genome]]
 +
 +
====[[Genotype]]====
 
*[[DNA]]
 
*[[DNA]]
 
**[[Nucleotide]]
 
**[[Nucleotide]]
 +
**[[Nucleic Acid]]
 
**[[Gene]]
 
**[[Gene]]
−
***[[Gene Expression]]
+
***''[[Gene Expression]] - Higher''
−
***[[Protein Synthesis]]
+
***''[[Protein Synthesis]] - Higher''
 +
**''[[Coding DNA]] - Higher''
 +
**''[[Non-coding DNA]] - Higher''
 
*[[Chromosome]]
 
*[[Chromosome]]
  
−
===[[Genotype]]===
+
====[[Phenotype]]====
−
*[[Sex Determination]]
 
−
 
 
−
===[[Phenotype]]===
 
 
*[[Gene]]
 
*[[Gene]]
 
*[[Allele]]
 
*[[Allele]]
Line 409: Line 460:
 
**[[Heterozygous]]
 
**[[Heterozygous]]
  
−
===[[Variation]]===
+
===Inheritance===
−
===[[Inheritance]]===
+
*[[Inheritance]]
 
*[[Punnett Square]]
 
*[[Punnett Square]]
 
*[[Genetic Cross Diagram]]
 
*[[Genetic Cross Diagram]]
 +
*[[Pedigree Chart]]
 
*[[Inherited Disorder]]
 
*[[Inherited Disorder]]
 
**[[Polydactyly]]
 
**[[Polydactyly]]
 
**[[Sickle Cell Anemia]]
 
**[[Sickle Cell Anemia]]
 
**[[Cystic Fibrosis]]
 
**[[Cystic Fibrosis]]
−
====[[Reproduction]]====
+
*[[Sex Determination]]
−
*[[Asexual Reproduction]]
+
*[[Gregor Mendel|Mendel]]
−
**[[Mitosis]]
 
−
*[[Sexual Reproduction]]
 
−
*[[Meiosis]]
 
−
**[[Gamete]]
 
−
**[[Haploid]]
 
−
**[[Diploid]]
 
−
*[[Mutation]]
 
  
−
===[[Evolution by Natural Selection]]===
+
===Variation and evolution===
 +
*[[Variation]]
 +
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Development of the Theory of Evolution|Development of the Theory of Evolution]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Development of the Theory of Evolution|Development of the Theory of Evolution]]
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Charles Darwin]]
 
*[[Charles Darwin]]
 
*[[Natural Selection]]
 
*[[Natural Selection]]
−
*[[Selective Breeding]]
 
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Speciation]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence for Evolution|Evidence for Evolution]]
 
*[[Evolution by Natural Selection#Evidence for Evolution|Evidence for Evolution]]
Line 439: Line 485:
 
**[[Antibiotic Resistance]]
 
**[[Antibiotic Resistance]]
  
−
===[[Biological Classification|Classification]]===
+
====[[Biological Classification|Classification]]====
 
*[[Linnaeus Classification System]]
 
*[[Linnaeus Classification System]]
 
**[[Binomial Classification]]
 
**[[Binomial Classification]]
 
*[[Three Domain System]]
 
*[[Three Domain System]]
−
 
+
**[[Eukaryotic Cell]]
−
===[[Genetic Engineering]]===
+
**[[Bacteria]]
−
*[[Cloning]]
+
**[[Archaea]]
−
*[[Genetically Modified Organism]]
+
===Selective breeding and gene technology===
 +
*[[Selective Breeding]]
 +
*[[Genetic Engineering]]
 +
**[[Cloning]]
 +
**[[Genetically Modified Organism]]
 +
***''[[Golden Rice]] - Higher''
 +
***''[[Insulin Production]] - Higher''

Latest revision as of 18:44, 27 October 2019

Cell Biology

Transport systems

Health, disease and the development of medicines

Coordination and control

Photosynthesis

Ecosystems

Inheritance, variation and evolution

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