Difference between revisions of "Chemistry Key Stage 4"
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+ | [[Main Page]] - [[Science Subject]] - [[Science Key Stage 4]] - [[Chemistry Key Stage 4]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse" | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Chemistry Exam Papers]] | ||
+ | | style="height:20px; width:300px; text-align:center;" |[[GCSE Chemistry Required Practicals]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:AtomicStructureandthePeriodicTableLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table]] | ||
+ | |[[File:StructureBondingandthePropertiesofMatterLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry Structure Bonding and the Properties of Matter]] | ||
+ | |[[File:ChemicalChangesLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry Chemical Changes]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:EnergyChangesinChemistryLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemical Energy Changes in Chemistry]] | ||
+ | |[[File:TheRateandExtentofChemicalChangeLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change]] | ||
+ | |[[File:OrganicChemistryLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry Organic Chemistry]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |[[File:ChemicalAnalysisLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry Chemical Analysis]] | ||
+ | |[[File:ChemicalandAlliedIndustriesLogo.png|centre|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry Chemical and Allied Industries]] | ||
+ | |[[File:EarthandAtmosphericScienceLogo.png|center|200px|link=KS4 Chemistry Earth and Atmospheric Science]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
==Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table== | ==Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table== | ||
===[[Atom]]s=== | ===[[Atom]]s=== | ||
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===[[Periodic Table]]=== | ===[[Periodic Table]]=== | ||
+ | ====The First 20 Elements==== | ||
+ | *[[Hydrogen]] | ||
+ | *[[Helium]] | ||
+ | *[[Lithium]] | ||
+ | *[[Beryllium]] | ||
+ | *[[Boron]] | ||
+ | *[[Carbon]] | ||
+ | *[[Nitrogen]] | ||
+ | *[[Oxygen]] | ||
+ | *[[Fluorine]] | ||
+ | *[[Neon]] | ||
+ | *[[Sodium]] | ||
+ | *[[Magnesium]] | ||
+ | *[[Aluminium]] | ||
+ | *[[Silicon]] | ||
+ | *[[Phosphorus]] | ||
+ | *[[Sulphur]] | ||
+ | *[[Chlorine]] | ||
+ | *[[Argon]] | ||
+ | *[[Potassium]] | ||
+ | *[[Calcium]] | ||
+ | |||
====[[Mendeleev's Periodic Table]]==== | ====[[Mendeleev's Periodic Table]]==== | ||
=====[[Group (Chemistry)|Groups]]===== | =====[[Group (Chemistry)|Groups]]===== | ||
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*[[Metallic Bond]]s | *[[Metallic Bond]]s | ||
**[[Giant Metallic Structure]]s | **[[Giant Metallic Structure]]s | ||
− | |||
*[[Dot and Cross Diagram]] | *[[Dot and Cross Diagram]] | ||
+ | *[[Bond]] | ||
+ | **[[Single Bond]] | ||
+ | **[[Double Bond]] | ||
+ | **[[Triple Bond]] | ||
+ | ====Common Compounds==== | ||
+ | =====Products of Neutralisations===== | ||
+ | *[[Water]] | ||
+ | *[[Carbon Dioxide]] | ||
+ | *[[Salt]]s | ||
+ | =====Metal Oxides===== | ||
+ | *[[Magnesium Oxide]] | ||
+ | *[[Iron Oxide]] | ||
+ | *[[Copper Oxide]] | ||
+ | =====Common Acids===== | ||
+ | *[[Hydrochloric Acid]] | ||
+ | *[[Nitric Acid]] | ||
+ | *[[Sulphuric Acid]] | ||
+ | =====Salts===== | ||
+ | *[[Halide]]s | ||
+ | *[[Nitrate]]s | ||
+ | *[[Sulphate]]s | ||
====[[Carbon]]==== | ====[[Carbon]]==== | ||
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**[[Empirical Formula]] | **[[Empirical Formula]] | ||
***[[Relative Formula Mass]] | ***[[Relative Formula Mass]] | ||
− | + | *[[Concentration]] | |
+ | **[[Molarity]] | ||
*[[Chemical Reaction]] | *[[Chemical Reaction]] | ||
**[[Conservation of Mass]] | **[[Conservation of Mass]] | ||
**[[Balanced Symbol Equation]] | **[[Balanced Symbol Equation]] | ||
− | |||
***[[State Symbols]] | ***[[State Symbols]] | ||
**[[Half Equation]] | **[[Half Equation]] | ||
+ | *[[Limiting Reactant]]s | ||
+ | *[[Yield (Chemistry)|Yield]] | ||
+ | **[[Percentage Yield]] | ||
===[[Gas Tests]]=== | ===[[Gas Tests]]=== | ||
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***[[Hydroxide Ions (Chemistry)|Hydroxide Ions]] | ***[[Hydroxide Ions (Chemistry)|Hydroxide Ions]] | ||
*[[pH|pH Scale]] | *[[pH|pH Scale]] | ||
+ | **[[pH Indicator]] | ||
**[[Acidity]] | **[[Acidity]] | ||
**[[Neutrality]] | **[[Neutrality]] | ||
**[[Alkalinity]] | **[[Alkalinity]] | ||
+ | *[[Neutralisation]] | ||
+ | **[[Titration]] | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Titration]] | ||
− | |||
====Common Neutralisation Reactions of Acids==== | ====Common Neutralisation Reactions of Acids==== | ||
*[[Acid + Metal → Metal Salt + Hydrogen]] | *[[Acid + Metal → Metal Salt + Hydrogen]] | ||
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*[[Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Metal Salt + Water]] | *[[Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Metal Salt + Water]] | ||
*[[Acid + Metal Carbonate → Metal Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water]] | *[[Acid + Metal Carbonate → Metal Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Reactivity Series]]=== | ||
+ | ====[[Reactivity]]==== | ||
+ | *[[Metal]]s | ||
+ | *[[Metal Ion]]s | ||
+ | *[[Positive Ion]]s | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Electrolysis]]=== | ||
+ | *[[Electrode]]s | ||
+ | **[[Anode]] | ||
+ | **[[Cathode]] | ||
+ | *[[Ion]] | ||
+ | **[[Positive Ion]] | ||
+ | **[[Negative Ion]] | ||
+ | ====[[Electrolysis#Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds|Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds]]==== | ||
+ | ====[[Electrolysis#Electrolysis of Aqueous Ionic Compounds|Electrolysis of Aqueous Ionic Compounds]]==== | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Electrolysis of a Solution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Redox Reaction]]s=== | ||
+ | *[[Reduction]] | ||
+ | *[[Oxidation]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Energy Changes in Chemistry== | ||
+ | ===Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions=== | ||
+ | *[[Exothermic]] | ||
+ | *[[Endothermic]] | ||
+ | *[[Reaction Profile]] | ||
+ | **[[Activation Energy]] | ||
+ | *[[Bond Energy]] | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Investigating Temperature Changes]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Carbon Compounds as Fuels and Feedstock=== | ||
+ | *[[Hydrocarbon]] | ||
+ | *[[Crude Oil]] | ||
+ | *[[Feedstock]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Chemical Cells and Fuel Cells=== | ||
+ | *[[Electrical Cell]] | ||
+ | *[[Fuel Cell]]s | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change== | ||
+ | ===Factors that influence the rate of reaction, including catalysts=== | ||
+ | *[[Rate of Reaction]] | ||
+ | **[[Rate of Reaction#Determining the Rate of Reaction|Determining the Rate of Reaction]] | ||
+ | **[[Rate of Reaction#Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction|Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction]] | ||
+ | **[[Collision Theory]] | ||
+ | **[[Catalyst]] | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Concentration and Rate of Reaction]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Reversible reactions and dynamic Equilibrium=== | ||
+ | *[[Reversible Reaction]]s | ||
+ | *[[Dynamic Equilibrium]] | ||
+ | *[[Dynamic Equilibrium#Equilibrium Position|Equilibrium Position]] (Higher) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Organic Chemistry== | ||
+ | ===Homologous series, including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids=== | ||
+ | ====[[Organic Compound]]s==== | ||
+ | *[[Alkane]]s | ||
+ | **[[Methane]] | ||
+ | **[[Ethane]] | ||
+ | **[[Propane]] | ||
+ | **[[Butane]] | ||
+ | *[[Alkene]]s | ||
+ | **[[Ethene]] | ||
+ | **[[Propene]] | ||
+ | **[[Butene]] | ||
+ | *[[Alcohol]]s | ||
+ | **[[Methanol]] | ||
+ | **[[Ethanol]] | ||
+ | **[[Propanol]] | ||
+ | **[[Butanol]] | ||
+ | *[[Carboxylic Acid]]s | ||
+ | **[[Methanoic Acid]] | ||
+ | **[[Ethanoic Acid]] | ||
+ | **[[Propanoic Acid]] | ||
+ | **[[Butanoic Acid]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====[[Homologous Series]]==== | ||
+ | *[[Functional Group]] | ||
+ | ====Representing Organic Compounds==== | ||
+ | *[[General Formula]] | ||
+ | *[[Structural Formula]] | ||
+ | *[[Structural Diagram]] | ||
+ | *[[Ball and Stick Model]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Simple Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols=== | ||
+ | *[[Alkane#Reactions of Alkanes|Reactions of Alkanes]] | ||
+ | *[[Alkene#Reactions of Alkenes|Reactions of Alkenes]] | ||
+ | *[[Alcohol#Reactions of Alcohols|Reactions of Alcohols]] | ||
+ | *[[Carboxylic Acid#Reactions of Carboxylic Acids|Reactions of Carboxylic Acids]] | ||
+ | ===Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers including DNA=== | ||
+ | *[[Polymer]] | ||
+ | *[[Monomer]] | ||
+ | *[[Polymerisation]] | ||
+ | **[[Addition Polymerisation]] | ||
+ | **[[Condensation Polymerisation]] | ||
+ | *[[DNA]] | ||
+ | **[[Nucleotide]]s | ||
+ | *[[Sugar]]s | ||
+ | **[[Polysaccharide]]s | ||
+ | **[[Monosaccharide]]s | ||
+ | *[[Amino Acid]]s | ||
+ | **[[Protein]]s | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Chemical Analysis== | ||
+ | ===Assessing purity and separating mixtures=== | ||
+ | *[[Pure]] | ||
+ | *[[Mixture]] | ||
+ | **[[Formulation]] | ||
+ | ====[[Separating Mixtures]]==== | ||
+ | *[[Melting Point]] | ||
+ | *[[Filtration]] | ||
+ | *[[Evaporation of Solutions|Crystallisation]] | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Making Salt]] | ||
+ | *[[Distillation]] | ||
+ | *[[Fractional Distillation]] | ||
+ | *[[Melting Point]] | ||
+ | *[[Chromatography]] | ||
+ | **[[Stationary Phase]] | ||
+ | **[[Mobile Phase]] | ||
+ | **[[Chromatogram]] | ||
+ | **[[Retention Factor]]s | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Calculating Retention Factors]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Conservation of mass and the quantitative interpretation of balanced equations=== | ||
+ | *[[Conservation of Mass]] | ||
+ | *[[System]] | ||
+ | **[[Open System]] | ||
+ | **[[Closed System]] | ||
+ | *[[Relative Formula Mass]] | ||
+ | ===Higher: Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances=== | ||
+ | *[[Avogadro Constant]] | ||
+ | *[[Mole]] | ||
+ | *[[Balanced Symbol Equation]] | ||
+ | **[[Limiting Reactant]]s | ||
+ | *[[Concentration]] | ||
+ | **[[Molarity]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Higher: Use the mole in relation to volumes of gases=== | ||
+ | *[[Gas#Molar Gas Volume|Molar Gas Volume]] | ||
+ | **[[Standard Temperature and Pressure]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Principles for determining the concentrations of solutions=== | ||
+ | *[[Molarity]] | ||
+ | *[[Limiting Reactant]]s | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Identification of ions by chemical and spectroscopic means=== | ||
+ | *[[Testing for Aqueous Ions]] | ||
+ | **[[Cation]]s | ||
+ | **[[Anion]]s | ||
+ | **[[Aqueous]] | ||
+ | *[[Flame Test]]s | ||
+ | *[[Flame Emission Spectroscopy]] | ||
+ | **[[Spectroscopy]] | ||
+ | *[[Instrumental Chemical Analysis]] | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Identifying Unknown Compounds]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Chemical and Allied Industries== | ||
+ | ===Life cycle assessment and recycling=== | ||
+ | *[[Life Cycle Assessment]] | ||
+ | *[[Recycling]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Fractional Distillation of crude oil and cracking=== | ||
+ | *[[Fractional Distillation]] | ||
+ | **[[Crude Oil]] | ||
+ | **[[Alkane]]s | ||
+ | *[[Cracking]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Different methods of extracting and purifying metals with reference to a reactivity series with oxygen and the position of carbon within it=== | ||
+ | *[[Reactivity Series]] | ||
+ | *[[Extraction of Metals]] | ||
+ | **[[Native]] | ||
+ | **[[Ore]] | ||
+ | **[[Smelting]] | ||
+ | **[[Extracting Metals by Electrolysis|Electrolysis]] | ||
+ | **[[Phytomining]] | ||
+ | **[[Bioleaching]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Using materials=== | ||
+ | *[[Corrosion]] | ||
+ | **[[Sacrificial Anode]] | ||
+ | *[[Alloy]]s | ||
+ | *[[Physical Property]] | ||
+ | **[[Glass]] | ||
+ | **[[Ceramic]]s | ||
+ | **[[Polymer]]s | ||
+ | **[[Composite Materials]] | ||
+ | **[[Metal]]s | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Higher: The balance between equilibrium position and rate in industrial processes=== | ||
+ | *[[Dynamic Equilibrium]] | ||
+ | **[[Equilibrium Position (Chemistry)|Equilibrium Position]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Agricultural productivity and the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium-based fertilisers=== | ||
+ | *[[Haber Process]] | ||
+ | *[[NPK]] | ||
+ | *[[Industrial Production of Fertilisers]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===The comparison of yield and atom economy of chemical reactions=== | ||
+ | *[[Yield (Chemistry)|Yield]] | ||
+ | **[[Percentage Yield]] | ||
+ | *[[Atom Economy]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Earth and Atmospheric Science== | ||
+ | ===The composition and evolution of the Earth's atmosphere since its formation=== | ||
+ | *[[Earth's Atmosphere]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Carbon Dioxide and Methane as greenhouse gases=== | ||
+ | *[[Greenhouse Effect]] | ||
+ | **[[Greenhouse Gas]]es | ||
+ | *[[Global Warming]] | ||
+ | **[[Anthropogenic Global Warming]] | ||
+ | *[[Climate Change]] | ||
+ | *[[Geoengineering]] | ||
+ | ===Common atmospheric pollutants and their sources=== | ||
+ | *[[Air Pollution]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===The Earth's water resources and obtaining potable water=== | ||
+ | *[[Potable Water]] | ||
+ | *[[Water Treatment]] | ||
+ | [[GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Purifying Water]] |
Latest revision as of 22:21, 3 September 2020
Main Page - Science Subject - Science Key Stage 4 - Chemistry Key Stage 4
GCSE Chemistry Exam Papers | GCSE Chemistry Required Practicals |
Contents
- 1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
- 2 Structure, Bonding and the Properties of Matter
- 3 Chemical Changes
- 4 Energy Changes in Chemistry
- 5 The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
- 6 Organic Chemistry
- 7 Chemical Analysis
- 7.1 Assessing purity and separating mixtures
- 7.2 Conservation of mass and the quantitative interpretation of balanced equations
- 7.3 Higher: Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances
- 7.4 Higher: Use the mole in relation to volumes of gases
- 7.5 Principles for determining the concentrations of solutions
- 7.6 Identification of ions by chemical and spectroscopic means
- 8 Chemical and Allied Industries
- 8.1 Life cycle assessment and recycling
- 8.2 Fractional Distillation of crude oil and cracking
- 8.3 Different methods of extracting and purifying metals with reference to a reactivity series with oxygen and the position of carbon within it
- 8.4 Using materials
- 8.5 Higher: The balance between equilibrium position and rate in industrial processes
- 8.6 Agricultural productivity and the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium-based fertilisers
- 8.7 The comparison of yield and atom economy of chemical reactions
- 9 Earth and Atmospheric Science
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
Atoms
Atomic Structure
- The Dalton Model of the Atom
- The Plum Pudding Model of the Atom
- The Nuclear Model of the Atom
- The Bohr Model of the Atom
- Nucleus
- Electrons
- Atomic Number
- Relative Atomic Mass
- Calculating the Numbers of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
Periodic Table
The First 20 Elements
- Hydrogen
- Helium
- Lithium
- Beryllium
- Boron
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Fluorine
- Neon
- Sodium
- Magnesium
- Aluminium
- Silicon
- Phosphorus
- Sulphur
- Chlorine
- Argon
- Potassium
- Calcium
Mendeleev's Periodic Table
Groups
Reactivity
Periods
Elements
Chemical Reactions
Properties of Transition Metals
Transition Metals
Structure, Bonding and the Properties of Matter
Properties of Matter
Particle Model
Bonds
Physical Change
Chemical Change
State of Matter
State Change
Chemical Bonds
Common Compounds
Products of Neutralisations
Metal Oxides
Common Acids
Salts
Carbon
Nanoparticles
Chemical Changes
Chemical Symbols, Formulae and Equations
Gas Tests
Chemistry of Acids
GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Titration
Common Neutralisation Reactions of Acids
- Acid + Metal → Metal Salt + Hydrogen
- Acid + Metal Oxide → Metal Salt + Water
- Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Metal Salt + Water
- Acid + Metal Carbonate → Metal Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
Reactivity Series
Reactivity
Electrolysis
Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds
Electrolysis of Aqueous Ionic Compounds
GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Electrolysis of a Solution
Redox Reactions
Energy Changes in Chemistry
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Investigating Temperature Changes
Carbon Compounds as Fuels and Feedstock
Chemical Cells and Fuel Cells
The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Factors that influence the rate of reaction, including catalysts
GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Concentration and Rate of Reaction
Reversible reactions and dynamic Equilibrium
Organic Chemistry
Homologous series, including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and carboxylic acids
Organic Compounds
Homologous Series
Representing Organic Compounds
Simple Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols
Synthetic and naturally occurring polymers including DNA
Chemical Analysis
Assessing purity and separating mixtures
Separating Mixtures
GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Making Salt
GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Calculating Retention Factors
Conservation of mass and the quantitative interpretation of balanced equations
Higher: Use of amount of substance in relation to masses of pure substances
Higher: Use the mole in relation to volumes of gases
Principles for determining the concentrations of solutions
Identification of ions by chemical and spectroscopic means
GCSE Chemistry Required Practical: Identifying Unknown Compounds